GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 51 



b. With endogenous spores. Rods often more than 1/* in diameter. 



Bacillus Cohn emend. 

 Hueppe. 

 III. Cells bent or spiral Family Spirillaceae Migula 



a. Cells short, slightly bent, stiff, comma-like, sometimes in spiral cell 



groupings, usually with one, rarely two terminal flagella. 



Vibrio O. F. Mueller emend. LoflBer 



b. Cells long, spirally bent, corkscrew like, stiff usually with a cluster of 



polar flagella Spirillum Ehrenb. emend. LoflSer 



c. Cells flexuous, long, producing spirally wound filaments. Flagella 



unknown. Motile by means of an undulating membrane. 



Spirochaete Ehrenb. 



As "Anhang I" three genera of the bacteria-like Hyphomycetes 

 are included. They may be differentiated as follows: 



Lehmann and Neumann's Classification of Hyphomycetes (1896) 



A. Cultures showing ordinary bacterial character, flat or medium. Micro- 



scopically rods with swollen ends Corynebacterium L. & N. 



B. Cultures on solid media more or less folded, often "cartilaginous". 



I. Usually only short slender rods, seldom short branched filaments 

 without air mycelium and without aerial conidia, acid fast. 



Mycobacterium L. & N. 

 II. Mycelium filaments long, often bent, without sheath, with true branch- 

 ing. Many species produce conidia on aerial hyphae. Not acid fast. 



Oospora Wallroth 



The genera of the fission algae are differentiated as follows: 



A. Filaments without sheaths. 



1. Without sulphur granules Leptothrix 



2. With sulphur granules, motile Beggiatoa 



B. Filaments with sheaths. 



1. Without sulphur granules. 



a. Without pseudodichotomous branching. 



Crenothrix 



b. With pseudodichotomous branching . . Cladothrix 



2. With sulphur granules Thiothrix 



In many ways this classification of Lehmann and Neumann is one of 

 the most satisfactory that has been proposed. 



During the year 1896 Beijerinck introduced the generic name Grami- 

 lohacier for anaerobic spore-bearing bacteria of the butyric acid group; 

 and Forti named an organism from wine Oenohacillus Ahhae. 



Alfred Fischer (1897) somewhat modified his earlier classification 

 in his "Vorlesungen iiber Bakterien." The key to the higher groups 

 and genera is as follows: 



