52 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Fischer's Classification of Bacteria (1897) 



Order I. Haplobacterinae 

 Vegetative phase unicellular, spherical, cylindrical, or spirally twisted; 

 isolated or united in chains or clusters. 



Family I. Coccaceae 

 Vegetative cells spherical 

 Sub-Family I. Allococcaceae 

 Planes of fission without definite sequence; no pronounced colonies or growth 

 forms, cells isolated or in short chains or irregular clusters. 



Genus Micrococcus, Cohn. Non-motile. Includes most cocci, the pathological 

 "staphylococci" etc. 



Genus Planococcus, Migula. Motile. 



Sub-family II. Homococcaceae 

 Planes of fission in definite sequence. 



Genus Sarcina, Goodsir. Three planes of division at right angles to each 

 other. Cubical colonies, non-motile. 



Genus Planosarcina, Migula. Similar to Sarcina, but monotrichous, and 

 motile. ' 



Genus Pediococcus, Lindner. Two planes of fission, alternate and at right 

 angles. 



Genus Streptococcus, Billroth. Planes of fission parallel, giving rise to chains; 

 the pathological Streptococci and Leuconostoc. 



Family 2. Bacillaceae 

 Vegetative cell straight, cylindrical, ellipsoidal or egg-shaped; very short 

 forms diflScult to distinguish from cocci. Fission always transverse. 



Sub-family I. Bacilleae 

 Spore-forming ro ds cylindrical, unchanged. 

 Genus Bacillus, Cohn. Non-motile. 



Genus Bactrinium, A. Fischer. Motile, monotrichous, with terminal cilium: 

 includes provisionally all monotrichous rods whose spores are as yet unknown, 

 e.g., Bac. pyocyaneum. 



Genus Bactrillum, A. Fischer. Motile, with lophotrichous ciliation. Includes 

 provisionally Bac. cyanogenum, and many other sporeless forms. 



Genus Bactridium, A. Fischer. Motile, peritrichous, in some spores as yet 

 unknown. 



Sub-family II. Clostridieae 

 Rods spindle-shaped during sporulation. 



Genus Clostridium, Prazmowski. Motile, peritrichous; includes some of the 

 but3'ric bacteria. Genera with monotrichous and lophotrichous ciliation are 

 unknown as yet. 



Sub-family III. Plectridieae 

 Genus Plectridium, A. Fischer. Motile, peritrichous; some butyric bacteria, 

 the parasite of tetanus and a methane ferment. 



Family 3. Spirillaceae 

 Vegetative cell cylindrical but spirally twisted. Fission always transverse. 

 Genus Vibrio Miiller and Lofiler. Very slightly curved rods, ''comma" shaped; 

 motile, monotrichous. Vibrio cholerae asiaticae and numerous other vibrios of 

 fresh and salt water. 



