GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 53 



Genus Spirillum, Ehrenberg. Cylindrical cells twisted in an open spiral; 

 motile, lophotrichous. Spirillum undula, Sp. rubrum. 



Genus Spirochaete, Ehrenberg. Cells long and attenuated, spirally twisted 

 with numerous turns; cilia unknown; the cell membrane is perhaps yielding. 

 Spirochaete Obermeieri (remittent fever). 



Order II. Trichobacterinae 

 Vegetative phase an unbranched or branched filament or chain of cells, the 

 individual members of which break off as swarm-spores (gonidia). 

 Family 1. Trichobacteriaceae 



(a) Filaments non-motile, rigid, enclosed in a sheath. 



Genus Crenothrix, Cohn. Filaments unbranched and devoid of sulphur 

 granules. 



Genus Thiothrix, Winogradsky. The same, but containing sulphur granules. 



Genus Cladothrix, Cohn. Filaments, branched, false dichotomy (includes 

 Sphaerotilus) . 



(b) Filaments motile, with oscillating and gliding movements, and devoid of a 

 sheath. 



Genus Beggiatoa, Trevisan. Containing sulphur. 



Chester (189*7) adopted Migula's (1894) classification of Coccaceae, 

 Bacteriaceae and Spirillaceae, but separated the forms included by 

 Lehmann and Neumann in their Hyphomycetes, under the family name 

 Mycohacteriaceae. His characterization of this family and the genera 

 is as follows: 



Chester's Classification of the Mycohacteriaceae (1897) 



Cells short or long, cylindrical or clavate-cuneate in form without a sheath 

 surrounding the chains of individuals. Without endospores, with possibly the 

 formation of gonidia like bodies. With true dichotomous branching (this forms 

 an important group standing between the true Bacteriaceae, and the true fungi on 

 the one hand and Chlamydobacteriaceae on the other). 

 Order Mycobacteriaceae Chester 



A. In cultures possessing the characters of true bacteria. Growth on solid media 



smooth, flat spreading. Rods with swollen ends or cuneate or clavate forms. 



Corynebacterium Lehm-Neum. 



B. Cultures on solid media raised, folded or warty. Generally short slender rods, 



rarely short branched. Take the tubercle stain. 



Mycobacterium Lehm-Neum. 



The following key to the families Chlamydobacteriaceae and Beg- 

 giatoaceae shows that in the main Chester followed Migula. 



Chester's Classification of the families Chlamydobacteriaceae and Beggiotaceae 



(1897) 



I. Thread-like, composed of individual cells, surrounded by a sheath. Simple 

 or with true branching. Ordinary vegetative growth by division in only 

 one direction of space, i.e., at right angles to the longer axis. 



