74 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Heim's Classification of Bacteria (1911) 



I. Coccaceae. Cells spherical: 



A. Division in one direction of space Streptococcus 



B. Division in different directions, no chains or packets. 



Micrococcus 



C. Dividing in three planes, forming packets. 



Sarcina 

 II. Bacteriaceae, Rod-shaped: 



A. Without spores Bacterium 



B. With spores Bacillus 



III. Spirillaceae. Cells spiral: 



A. Rigid spirals or sections of spirals Spirillum and Vibrio 



B. Flexuous, Spirals Spirochaete 



Kolle and Hetsch (1911) differentiate the bacteria into the fission 

 fungi consisting of cocci, bacilli and spirilla and the fission algae 

 including the sulphur bacteria, the iron bacteria and the Strep- 

 tothricaceae. 



Bosanquet (1911) in his book on Spirochaetes places all in the genus 

 Spirochaeta. During this year two other bacterial generic names 

 were proposed: Paraspirillum for a flexile spindle formed spiral or- 

 ganism in water (Dobell) and Cohnistreptothrix for organisms of the 

 type of Streptothrix Foersteri of Cohn (Pinoy and JVIorax). 



Schneider (1912) follows the classification used by Chester (1901). 

 Benecke (1912) gives one of the most complete of the recent systems 

 of bacterial classification. The orders and families recognized are 

 shown in the following scheme: 



Benecke's Classification of Bacteria (1912) 



A. Comparativelj' simple organisms, not growing as sheathed filaments, usually 

 as single cells or colonies . .Order I. II aplohacterinae 

 I. Cells not forming a pseudoplasmodium. 



a. Cells not tending to branch or form a mycelium. 



1. Without bacteriopurpurin. 



(a) Cells spherical. 



Family I. Coccaceae 



(b) Cells elongate. 



(1) Cells straight. 



Family II. Bacilla^eae 



(2) Cells spiral. 



Family III. Spirillaceae 



2. With bacteriopurpurin. 



Family IV. Rhodobacteriaceae 



b. Cells tending to branch or form a mycelium. 



Family V. Mycobacteriaceae 



