GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 125 



have been applied to bacteria which do not conform to this standard, 

 though there are many with six syllables such as Botulobacillus, Actino- 

 bacillus, Actinocladothrix, Aphaneroglia and Arthrohactrinium. Some 

 offenders are the following: Actinohacterium, Caseobaderium, Chromo- 

 beggiatoa, Corynebacterium, Liquidobacterium and Nitrosobacterium. 

 These long names are, of course, valid. 



b. Not to use again a name which has already been used and has lapsed into 

 sjrnonymy (homonym). 



Comments. The zoological code goes farther than this and forbids 

 the subsequent use for another group of any name which has previously 

 been used. The rule reads "A generic name is to be rejected as a homo- 

 nym when it has previously been used for some other genus of 

 animals." 



c. Not to dedicate genera to persons who are in all respects strangers to botany, 

 or at least to natural science, nor to persons quite unknown. 



d. Not to take names from barbarous tongues, unless those names are frequently 

 quoted in books of travel, and have an agreeable form that is readily adapted to 

 the Latin tongue and to the tongues of civilized countries. 



e. To recall, if possible, by the formation or ending of the name, the aflanities 

 or the analogies of the genus. 



f. To avoid adjectives used as nouns. 



g. Not to give a genus a name whose form is rather that of a subgenus or section 

 (e.g., Eusideroxylon, a name given to a genus of Lauraceae, which, however, 

 being valid, cannot be changed). 



Comment. The Eubacillus of Dangeard is a similar example from 

 bacteriology'. 



h. Not to make names by the combination of two languages {nomina hybrida). 



Comments. This is a common fault among names which have been 

 appUed in bacteriology. Among such may be noted Acetobacter, Caseo- 

 bacterium, Coccobacillus. 



VI. Botanists constructing names for subgenera or sections, will do well to at- 

 tend to the preceding recommendations and also to the following : 



a. Give, where possible, to the principal division of a genus, a name which, 

 by some modification or addition, calls the genus to mind (for instance, Eu placed 

 at the beginning of the name, when it is of Greek origin; -astrum, -ella at the end 

 of the name, when Latin, or any other modification consistent with the grammar 

 and usages of the Latin language). 



b. Avoid calling a subgenus or a section by the name of the genus to which it 

 belongs, with the final -oides or -opsis; on the contrary reserve this ending for a 



