132 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Comment. It is evident from the reading of this rule that the author 

 of the name is frequently not the individual who first described the 

 organism. The name of the author is not quoted following the species 

 in order to designate the discoverer of the organism, or even one neces- 

 sarily who has studied it in detail, but merely to show who first used the 

 particular combination of letters or words constituting the name under 

 consideration. Any other procedure would be making the discoverer 

 of an organism responsible for a name with which he has never had 

 anything to do. As stated by Stiles (1905, p. 21) "This point of view 

 lays stress upon holding an author responsible for the names he pub- 

 lishes, rather than upon 'giving him credit' for these names. The 

 chief idea we have in citing the author of a name is to aid in tracing it." 

 For example, one of the cocci associated with pus production was first 

 adequately studied by Rosenbach and named by him Staphylococcus 

 alhus. Later it was renamed Albococcus albus by Winslow and Rogers. 

 Certainly Rosenbach is no way responsible for the latter generic name. 

 Welch discovered an organism which produced edema in man. He did 

 not give it a name. Later the organism was termed Bacillus Welchii. 

 We certainly could not write Bacillus Welchii Welch without giving the 

 impression that Welch had named an organism after himself. 



Article 41. An alteration of the constituent characters or of the circumscrip- 

 tion of a group does not warrant the quotation of another author than the one who 

 first published the name or combination of names. 



When the changes have been considerable, the words: mutatis charact., or pro 

 parte, or excl. gen., excl. sp., excl. var., or some other abridged indication, are 

 added after the citation of the original author, according to the nature of the 

 changes that have been made, and of the group in question. 



Examples: Phyllanthus L. em. (emendavit) Miill. Arg. ; MyosotisL. pro parte, 

 R. Br.; Globularia cordifolia L. excl. var., etc. 



Comment. The generic name Bacterium was first used by Ehren- 

 berg in 1828. His definition was somewhat modified by Dujardin in 

 1841. It was again modified by Cohn in 1872 and by Migula in 1894. 

 The name should always be written therefore. Bacterium Ehrenberg. 

 This does not indicate that we accept Ehrenberg's diagnosis of the 

 genus but merely that he first used this particular designation. 



Article 42. When a manuscript name has been published and referred to its 

 author, the name of the person who published it should be appended to the cita- 

 tion. The same rule should be followed for names of garden origin when they 

 are cited as "Hort." 



Article 43. When, in a genus, a name is applied to a group which is moved into 

 another group where it retains the same rank, or to a group which becomes of 



