134 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Comrnent. Winslow and Rogers in 1905 divided the genus Staphy- 

 lococcus of Rosenbach into two genera Aurococcus and Albococcus, the 

 name Staphylococcus should have been retained for one of these groups. 



Article 46. When two or more groups of the same nature are united, the 

 name of the oldest is retained. If the names are of the same date, the author 

 chooses and his choice cannot be modified by subsequent authors. 



Examples: Hooker f. and Thomson (Fl. Ind. p. 67, 1855) united the genera 

 Wormia Rottb. and Capellia Bl. ; they gave the name Wormia to the genus thus 

 formed because the last name dates from 1783 while Capellia dates from 1825 — 

 In case of union of the two genera Cardamine and Deniaria, which were founded 

 at the same time by Linnaeus {Sp. PI. ed. 1, p. 653 and 654, 1753; Gen. PL ed. 

 5, n. 726, 727) the collective genus must be called Cardamine because that name 

 was chosen by Crantz {Class. Crucif., p. 126, 1769), who was the first to sug- 

 gest the union. 



Recommendations. XXVI. Authors who have to choose between two 

 generic names should note the following recommendations: 



1. Of two names of the same date to prefer the one which was first accom- 

 panied by the description of a species. 



2. Of two names of the same date, both accompanied by descriptions of species, 

 to prefer the one, which, when the author made his choice, included the larger 

 number of species. 



3. In cases of equality from these various points of view to prefer the more 

 correct and appropriate name. 



XXVII. When several genera are united as subgenera or sections under one 

 generic name, that subdivision which was first distinguished or described may 

 retain its name (ex. Saxifraga aspera subsp. aspera) or bear a prefix (Alchemilla 

 alpina subsp. eualpina) or be designated by some customary title (normalis, 

 genuinus, typicus, originai'ius , verus, veridicus etc.). These prefixes or terms 

 lapse when the subdivisions are raised to specific rank. 



Article 47. When a species or subdivision of a species is divided into two or 

 more groups of the same nature, if one of the two forms was distinguished or de- 

 scribed earlier than the other, the name is retained for that form. 



Article 48. When a subgenus or section or species is moved into another 

 genus, when a variety or other division of a species is moved into another species, 

 retaining there the same rank, the original name of the subgenus or section, the 

 first specific epithet, or the original name of the division of the species must be 

 retained or must be reestablished, unless, in the new position there exists one of 

 the obstacles indicated in the articles of section 7. 



Article 49. When a tribe becomes a family, a subgenus or a section becomes a 

 genus, a subdivision of a species becomes a species, or the reverse of these 

 changes takes place, and speaking generally when a group changes its rank, 

 the earliest name (or combination of names) received by the group in its new 

 position must be regarded as valid, if it is in conformity with the rules, unless 

 there exist any of the obstacles indicated in the articles of section 7. 



Article 49a. Fungi having a pleomorphic evolutionary cycle in different suc- 

 cessive states of the same species carry only a single generic and specific name 

 (bin6me); the oldest which has been given beginning with Persoon (Synopsis) 



