GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 141 



are written as one word with or without the hyphen. Examples: Sanctae- 

 Catharinae or sanctacatherinae, jan-mayeni, or janmayeni, cornu-pastoris or 

 cornupastoris, cor-anguinum or coranguinum, cedo-nuUi or cedonulli. 



Expressions like rudis planusque are not admissible as specific names. 



Article 16. Geographic names are to be given as substantives in the genitive, 

 or are to be placed in an adjectival form. Examples: sancti-pauli, sanctae- 

 helenae, edwardiensis, diemenensis , magellanicus, burdigalensis, vindobonensis . 



Recommendation. Geographic names used by the Romans or by Latin writers 

 of the middle ages are to be adopted in preference to more recent forms. Words 

 like bordeausiacus and viennensis are poor, but are not to be rejected on this 

 account. 



Article 17. If it is desired to cite the subspecific name, such name is written 

 immediately following the specific name, without the interposition of any mark 

 of punctuation. Example: Rana esculenta marmorata Hallowell, but not i?ana 

 esculenta {marmorata) or Rana marmorata Hallowell. 



Article 18. The notation of hybrids may be given in several ways; in all cases 

 the name of the male parent precedes that of the female parent, with or with- 

 out the sexual signs : 



a. The names of the two parents are united by the sign of multiplication (X). 



b. Hybrids may also be cited in the form of a fraction, the male parent forming 



Capra hircus 



the numerator and the female parent the denominator. Example: — ——. : — ' 



Oils aries 



This second method is in so far preferable that it permits the citation of the person 



who first published the hybrid form as such. Example: 



Bernicla canadensis _ , 



— — Rabe. 



Anser cygnotdes 



c. The fractional form is also preferable in case one of the parents is itself a 



, , . , .^ , Tetrao tetrix X Tetrao urogallus ^ , , . 



hybrid. Example: — . In the latter case, how- 



Gallus gallus 



ever, the parentheses may be used. Example: {Tetrao tetrix X, Tetrao urogallus) 



X Gallus gallus. 



d. When the parents of the hybrid are not known as such (parents), the hybrid 

 takes provisionally a specific name, the same as if it were a true species, namely, 

 as if it were not a hybrid; but the generic name is preceded by the sign of multi- 

 plication. Example : X Coregonus dolosv^ Fatio. 



Formation, derivation, and orthography of zoological names 



Article 19. The original orthography^ of a name is to be preserved unless an 

 error of transcription, a lapsus calami, or a typographical error is evident. 



Recommendation. For scientific names it is advisable to use some other 

 type than that used for the text. Example: Rana esculenta (italics) Linne, 

 1758, lives in Europe. 



Article 20. In forming names derived from languages in which the Latin alpha- 

 bet is used, the exact original spelling, including diacritic marks, is to be retained. 

 Examples: Selysiv^, Lamarckia, Kollikeria, Miilleria, Stalia, Krpyeria, Ibanezia, 

 Mobiusi, Medici, Czjzeki, spitzbergensis, islandicus, paraguayensis, patagonicus, 

 barbadensis, faroensis. 



