154 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Cells rod shaped, frequently in chains, non-motile. Cells grow usually on 

 the surface of alcoholic solutions as obligate aerobes, securing growth energy by 

 the oxidation of alcohol to acetic acid. Also capable of utilizing certain other 

 carbonaceous compounds, as sugar and acetic acid. Elongated, filamentous, 

 club shaped, swollen and even branched cells may occur as involution forms. 



The type species designated by Winslow et al. was Acetobacter aceti 

 (Thompson 1852) Committee. 



It is probable that the correct designation of the type species would 

 be Acetobacter aceti Beijerinck. 



Other generic names which have applied more or less strictly to this 

 group are Mycoderma (Persoon 1822, p. 96), Ulvina (Kiitzing 1837 ?), 

 Umbina (Nageli 1857), Acetobacterium (Ludwig ? 1898) and Aceti- 

 monas (Orla-Jensen 1909) q.v. 



Buchanan (1918, p. 45) listed Acetobacter as a synonym of Myco- 

 derma. Bergey et al. include this genus as the sixth of the tribe Nitro- 

 bactereae. 



In this treatise Acetobacter is recognized as a valid generic name with 

 Acetobacter aceti Beijerinck as the type. 



Acetobacterium. A generic name apparently first used by Hoyer 

 (1898) as a designation for acetic bacteria. The original thesis is not 

 available, but the name Acetobacter xylinum is used by Ludwig (1898, 

 p. 870) in an extended review of Hoyer's paper. He also in the same 

 year apparently ascribed the name to Beijerinck in the following state- 

 ment: 



Nach den Beobachtungen Beyerinck's wiirde der Leuconostoc Lagerheimii 

 mit dem Bacterium xylinu7n Brown zusammen in ein und dieselbe Gruppe der 

 Acetobacterien gehoren. Beyerinck bezeichnet ihn in lit. als Acetobacterium 

 xylinum var. Lagerheimii. 



The only reference to such a conception thus far found in the writings 

 of Beijerinck is a footnote (1898, p. 211) to a brief description of Bac- 

 terium xylinum in which he says, "Hauptmasse des Schleims beim 

 Schleimflusse lebender Eichen Mldet." There is no use of the name 

 Acetobacterium. 



It is probable that Acetobacterium should be regarded as a synonym 

 of Acetobacter. 



Achromatiaceae. A family of the order Thiobacteriales proposed 

 by Buchanan (1918, p. 462) to include the three genera Achromatium, 

 Thiophysa and Hillhousia. 



The diagnosis given is "Unicellular, large, motile (by means of 

 flagella ?) cells containing granules of sulphur (or in one form possibly 



