GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 167 



species was. Bostroem cultivated an aerobic type which produced 

 spores. Wolf and Israel described an anaerobic asporogenous tj'pe. 

 Wright and Pinoy have both shown the latter to be far more common. 

 The probabilities are that it was this form that was observed by Harz. 

 It would seem logical therefore to apply to it the name Actinomyces 

 hovis. Pinoy (who accepts Nocardia instead of Actinomyces) insists 

 that the organism described by Bostroem, i.e., the aerobic spore pro- 

 ducing form be taken as the type. Wright states, "I think that the 

 generic name Actinomyces should be restricted to microorganisms with 

 the biological characters described in this paper (i.e., the Wolf-Israel 

 type.)" Certainly to call the organism most frequently associated with 

 lumpy jaw in cattle anything other than .4. hovis would prove to be 

 confusing. 



The difficulty is even more apparent and its solution more important 

 if the genus is to be split into two. Wright uses Actinomyces for the 

 anaerobic sporeless foims, and for the aerobic conidia formers the name 

 Nocardia, following the emendation of the genus by Blanchard (1896, 

 p. 856). Pinoy, on the other hand, uses the designation Cohnistrepto- 

 thrix for the forms termed Actinomyces by Wright, using the name 

 Nocardia in Wright's sense. 



It would appear, therefore, that the demands of priority would be 

 satisfied by Wright's use of the terms. If all are to be included in a 

 single genus, it should be Actinomyces, if two genera they should be 

 Actinomyces and Nocardia. Cohnistreptothrix is to be regarded as a 

 sjmonjTn of Actinomyces in the narrow sense. The generic names 

 Streptothrix and Oospora should not be used for this group. 



Actiaomycetaceae. A family name suggested by Buchanan (1918, 

 p. 403) as the single family of the order Actinomycetales. The Com- 

 mittee of the Society of American Bacteriologists (1920, p. 198) have 

 suggested its use as the name of one of the two families of the Actino- 

 mycetales, the other being Mycobacteriaceae. The Committee description 

 is "Filamentous forms often branched and sometimes formed mycelia. 

 Conidia sometimes present. Some species parasitic." This description 

 is also used by Bergey et al. (1923, p. 338). 



In the present volume the recommendation of the Committee is 

 followed. 



Actinomycetales. A designation suggested by Buchanan (1917, p. 

 162) for the order of the mold bacteria. The original description 

 follows : 



Mold-like organisms, not t\T)ically water forms, saprophytic or parasitic. 

 Sheath not impregnated with iron, true hj'phae with branching often evident, 



