178 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Aniylohacter Duclaux. It is a synonym of Clostridium, and Granu- 

 lobacter at least in part. 



Amylobakter. A German spelling of Amylobader. A casual name. 

 It has been used among others by Schattenfroh and Grassberger 

 (1899, p. 700). It is not a valid spelling of the generic name. 



Aphaneroglia. A generic name proposed for the single genus of 

 the first order Protobacteries by Maggi (1886, p. 81). One species, 

 A, apuae potabilis is listed, but without description. 



Aplanobacter. A generic name proposed for non-motile rods by 

 Erwin F. Smith (1905, p. 171). The diagnosis given by Smith is as 

 follows : 



An unattached, non-motile, rod-shaped organism, destitute of chlorophyll 

 and multiplying by fission, sometimes forming threads of considerable length. 

 The type of the genus, in the family Bacteriaceae, is that organism causing 

 anthrax and most commonly known in literature as Bacillus anthracis Cohn. 



The generic names Bacillus Cohn and Bacteridium Davaine have 

 both been apphed to this type species. The type of the genus Bacillus 

 Cohn is generally accepted as Bacillus subtilis Cohn. The essential 

 morphological difference between B. subtilis and B. anthracis is the 

 possession of peritrichous flagella by the former, and their absence 

 in the latter. Smith contends that lack of motility is a characteristic 

 which warrants the separation of the anthrax organism from Bacillus. 

 Evidence is continually accumulating to show that generic separations 

 among the bacteria solely on the basis of motility lead to a violent 

 disarrangement of natural groupings. Granting, however, that another 

 generic name should be found, Davaine's genus Bacteridium would 

 appear to be tenable. It was founded upon the B. anthracis and created 

 because of the lack of motility of this form. Smith argues that the 

 name Bacteridium (q.v.) is preoccupied in botany. However, the names 

 previously used (see discussion of Bacteridium) have been spelled 

 Bactridium. Smith regards this as the same word, making Bacteridium 

 untenable. As noted elsewhere, a strict interpretation of the rules of 

 the International Code would indicate that the difference in spelling 

 is sufficient to make the generic name Bacteridium valid. It should 

 also be noted that the generic name Pollendera Trevisan (1885) has 

 priority over Aplanobacter. 



Migula has defined the genus Bacterium (q.v.) to include the non- 

 motile rods. As noted elsewhere, this use of the term Bacterium is 

 scarcely justified, it probably should not be used in this group. 



