180 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Arthrobacterium. A name proposed by De Bary (1884) to in- 

 clude rod-shaped bacteria which produce arthrospores. No species 

 were described. The genus was also mentioned by Hueppe (1886) 

 and was included in his classification of bacteria. De Toni and Trevi- 

 san (1889, p. 1054) give Arthrobacterium De Bary (1887) as a synonym 

 of Streptococcus. As stated by Vuillemin (1913, p. 520) this genus has 

 not been preserved or used because it was founded upon the false assump- 

 tion of arthrospore formation. 



Enlows (1920, p. 15) states: 



According to Comp. Morph. and Biol. Fungi, Mycetozoa and Bact., Auth. 

 Eng. rev. trans, by Garnsey, Oxford, 1887, pp. 454 and 468. This genus is pro- 

 posed for that group of the genus Bacterium in which no endogenous spore- 

 formation occurs. "To denote the species which constitute the genus Bacterium 

 of authors, I use partly the generic name Bacillus .... and partly the 

 name Arthrobacterium. Single members may simply separate from their con- 

 nections with others, and under suitable conditions become the initial members 

 of new combinations; they have therefore claim to the name spore. In other 

 respects there is no general characteristic distinction between them and the purely 

 vegetative members. 



Species. Bacterium zopfii Kurth, Bact merismopoedioides, Bact. aceti, and 

 Bact. pastorianum Hansen. 



Maggi (1886, p. 84) gives Arthrobacterium aceti De Bary as a synonym 

 of Bacterium aceti Zopf. 



It is doubtful whether the rather casual use by De Bary is sufficient 

 to validate the genus. Apparently no type has been designated. 



Arthrobactridium. A genus proposed by Fischer (1895, p. 140) 

 to include those rod-shaped bacteria with diffuse flagella which pro- 

 duce arthrospores. The genus was later abandoned by Fischer (1903) 

 as based upon a false interpretation of morphology. It is also re- 

 jected by Erwin F. Smith (1905, p. 174). The genus is not tenable 

 because no species have been definitely assigned to it. 



Arthrobactrillum. A generic name proposed by Fischer (1895, 

 p. 139) to include those rod-shaped bacteria which are motile by means 

 of a tuft of polar flagella, and which reproduce by means of arthrospores. 

 The name is invalid. It rests upon a mistaken interpretation of 

 morphology and has no described species. It was later abandoned by 

 Fischer (1903) himself as untenable. It is also rejected by Erwin F. 

 Smith (1905, p. 174). 



Arthrobactrinium. A generic name proposed by Fischer (1895, 

 p. 139) to include rod-shaped bacteria having one polar flagellum 

 and producing arthrospores. This generic name has never come into 



