GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 189 



Zopf (1885, p. 51) in the third edition of his Spaltpilze, though not in 

 the preceding, recognizes Ascococcus BiUroth as a Micrococcus with 

 intensive gelatin production. Hueppe (1885) states that in the genus 

 Ascococcus the cells are spherical, not in chains, occurring in irregu- 

 lar masses in spherically segmented zoogloea. Schroeter (1886, p. 

 153) recognizes "Ascococcus Billroth 1874 (in der Umgrenzung von 

 Cohn 1875)." According to Fliigge (1886, p. 140) Ascococcus includes 

 spherical bacteria united into definite slime famihes, colonies solid, 

 filled throughout with cells, cells in large but indefinite numbers united 

 into irregular colonies. The species Ascococcus Billrothii Cohn is 

 discussed. Hansgirg (1888, p. 266) recognized Ascococcus as the second 

 genus of his subfamily Cystococcaceae. The species A. Billrothii and 

 a variety thermophilus are described by Hansgirg (188, p. 88). This 

 variety was found in warm waters, cells Ifx thick, colorless, spherical 

 or almost egg shaped, united into families, from 6 to 60m, colorless or 

 yellowish. The same species and variety were included by De Toni 

 and Trevisan (1889, p. 1038). They note that the divisions of the 

 cocci occur in three directions, emphasizing thereby that the cells 

 do not occur in chains. The genus was included by Billet (1890, p. 

 24) and by Cornil and Babes (1890, p. 148). Hansgirg (1890, p. 24) 

 named an Ascococcus cellaris. He believes the Thiopolycoccus of Wino- 

 gradsky should be regarded as a synonym. His description of A. 

 cellaris follows: 



Zellen kugelig oder fast kugelig, sehr viele zu kugeligen oder rundlichen, 

 soliden, 6 bis 20ju breiten Familien, mehr weniger dicht gehauft, seltener fest 

 zusammengepresst, mit einer gemeinsamen, nicht geschichtlichen Gallert Hiille 

 umgeben, 0.7 bis Iju breit, farblos. 



Sternberg (1892, p. 17) recognizes the genus Ascococcus, and describes 

 Ascococcus Billrothii giving as its origin "Found by Billroth in putre- 

 fying flesh infusion." Miller (1892, p. 75) described a new species, 

 Ascococcus huccalis from the mouth. He says: 



Ein in etwas unregelmassigen Kokken resp. Diplokokken einzeln oder in 

 Ketten vorkommendes Bacterium. Dasselbe bildet kleine erhabene glanzende, 

 in alteren Culturen wie winzig kleine Glasperlen aussehende Colonieen welche 

 sich besonders da durch auszeichnen dass sie eine knorpelartige consistenz be- 

 sitzen und sich mit der Nadel nicht heben lassen, sondern vor derselben auf der 

 Oberflache der Gelatine herumgleiten. 



Mac6 (1897, p. 335) designates the genus as Ascococcus Billroth. 

 Migula (1897, p. 18) likewise concluded that Ascococcus is synonymous 



