200 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



"Coccen und Stabchenformen oder auch nur Stabchen in gewohnlichen 

 oder gewundenen Faden, Sporenbildung vorhanden in Stabchen oder 

 in Coccen auftretend." Although the definition is greatly modified 

 by the current ideas of bacterial pleomorphism the emphasis is placed 

 upon the development of endospores by the members of the genus. 

 Hueppe (1885) likewise included in the genus Bacillus those rods that 

 developed endospores. 



Flligge, (1886, p. 136) used "Bacillen" to include rods whose length 

 was two to twenty times the diameter; returning in a sense to the con- 

 ception of Cohn. 



Maggi (1886, p. 173) included this genus, without description, in his 

 fourth order, Desmobacteries. Eleven species are listed. 



Schroeter (1886, p. 156) considers the genus Bacillus to include organ- 

 isms with long cjdindric vegetative cells, daughter cells often remaining 

 united for a time in a chain, often actively motile, with endogenous 

 spores produced singly in cells that do not become swollen when sporu- 

 lating. In some species the cells grow into long filaments just pre- 

 ceding sporulation (Streptobacter) . In a rather loose fashion a some- 

 what similar meaning is given by Cornil and Babes (1890, p. 165) ; these 

 authors emphasize sporulation. Hansgirg (1888, p. 264) includes 

 Bacillus as the first genus of the subfamily Microbacteria. He divides 

 the genus into two sections or subgenera, Eubacillus and Chromo- 

 bacillus. Trevisan (1889, p. 12) included Bacillus as the fourth genus 

 of the tribe Bacillee. The generic description is "Baculi cilindrici, 

 cilindracei o ellissoidi, con protoplasma uniformemente diffuso. Spore 

 microsome (cioe che non mai raggingono un diametro maggiore del 

 diametro transversale normale dei baculi entro cui si formano) pro- 

 venienti in baculi normali immutati." The generic synonyms are 

 given as "Metallacter e Chromalium Perty (1852); Bacteridium Davaine 

 (1863); Bacillus e Bacterium F. Cohn (1873); Streptobacteria Billroth 

 (1874) ; Pollendera Trevisan (1884) ; Coccobacillus Leube (1885) ; Proteus 

 Hauser (1885) ; Bacteriopsis Trevisan (1885) ; Coccothrix Lutz (1886) ; 

 Sclerothrix Metschnikoff (1888). In all 201 species were listed. De 

 Toni and Trevisan (1889, p. 1889) elaborated the diagnosis of Bacillus 

 somewhat to allow of the differentiation from it of numerous related 

 genera. Their diagnosis is as follows : 



Baculi cylindrici vel cylindracei, recti vel leviter curvi, apicibus conformibus 

 rotundatis vel truncatis, plasmate uniformiter diffuse. Filamenta vulgarissima 

 e baculis, coccis nullis interjectis conflata. Sporae (endosporae) microsomae, in 

 baculis normalibus immutatis obvenientes. 



