GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 203 



p. 12) apparentl}'" introduced still another conception of Bacillus when 

 he included in the genus all "Rod-shaped bacteria with flagella and 

 consequently motile " 



Heim (1911, p. 250) and Lohnis (1913, p. 45) included in Bacillus 

 the spore-forming rods. Vuillemin (1913, p. 526) comes to the con- 

 elusion that the name Bacillus has been so vulgarized by various usages 

 among bacteriologists, that it should be regarded merely as a form genus 

 without nomenclatural status. As a substitute for this generic desig- 

 nation he revives the name Serratia (q.v.) and gives as the type Serratia 

 suhtilis Vuillemin. 



Winslow et at. (Committee Soc. Am. Bact. Preliminar}^ Report, 1917, 

 p. 562) included the spore bearing rods in this genus with the following 

 diagnosis: "Aerobic forms. Mostly saprophytes. Liquefy gelatin. 

 Often occur in long threads and form rhizoid colonies. Form of rod 

 usually not greatly changed at sporulation." Bacillus subtilis Cohn 

 was designated as the type. 



Buchanan (1918, p. 33) discussed in detail the generic designation, 

 and defined the genus as follows : 



Cells rod shaped, straight or at least never spiral, motile by diffuse flagella or 

 non-motile. Endospores produced under favorable conditions, not usually dis- 

 torting the cell, usually Gram-positive. Growth usuallj'^ good on laboratory 

 media; commonly liquefying gelatin. Aerobic or facultative. 



Three subgenera were recognized, Eu- Bacillus, Bacteridium and 

 Astasia. 



Winslow et al. (Committee Soc. Am. Bact., 1920, p. 212) in their final 

 report use the same diagnosis as in 1917. This is also used by Bergey 

 etal. (1923, p. 272). 



The usages of various authors may be summarized as follows : 



1. Bacillus. Rod-shaped organisms occurring in filaments or 

 chains. Spore production, flagella distribution, and motility not 

 emphasized. Cohn (1872, and 1875), Magnin (1878), Winter (1879), 

 Luerssen (1879)?, Van Tieghem (1884), Grove (1884), Fliigge (1886), 

 Schroeter (1886). 



2. Bacillus. Rods producing endospores (some authors recognizing 

 other spore-bearing genera in addition). De Bar}' (1884 and 1887), 

 Zopf (1885), Hueppe (1885), Cornil and Babes (1885 and 1890), De 

 Toni and Trevisan (1889), Ludwig (1892), Freudenreich (1894), Leh- 

 mann and Neumann (1896), Chester (1897), Fliigge (1908), Orla-Jensen 

 (1909), Heim (1911), Lohnis (1913), Winslow et al. (1917, 1920), Bu- 

 chanan (1918), Bergey (1923). 



