206 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



chlorophyllose Zellen von kugliger, oblonger oder cylindrischen, mitunter gedreh- 

 ter oder gekriimmter Gestalt, welche ausschliesslich durch Quertheiling sich 

 vermehren, und entweder isolirt oder in Zellfamilien vegetiren. 



Apparently the name is used for the entire group of Schizomycetes. 



The next reference to a use of this name in Hterature is apparently a 

 statement of Lanzi (1876, p. 25) who mentions that Prof, Caruel in his 

 lectures includes the family "Batteriacee" among the "Schizofiti." 

 It was used in the next year by MacNab (1877, p. 340) and in much the 

 same sense. 



Trevisan (1879, p. 135) used the following description of this family: 



Plantae fungales, unicellulares vel pluricellulares, liberae aut in muco matri- 

 cali amorpho nidulantes, nunc motu proprio spontaneo, vel oscillante, vel rota- 

 torio, vel flexuoso-repente, vel spirali praeditae, nunc immobiles, acidum carboni- 

 cum non assimilantes, in aquis plus minusque corruptis, dulcibus, thermalibus 

 vel marinis, in liquidis fermentantibus, in substantiis putrescentibus, in corpori- 

 bus animalium viventes. Vegetatio terminalis vel non terminalis. Ramificatio 

 nulla aut rarissime spuria. Cytioderma flexibile, moUe, tenuissimum. Cytio- 

 plasma chlorophyllo vel substantia chlorophyllo affini omino carens, achroum 

 vel coloratum, nucleo destitutum. Multiplicatio divisione cellularum vegeta- 

 tiva aut in omnes directiones aut semper ad eandem directionem longitudinalem 

 repetita. Propagatio turn sporis perdurantibus sine foecundatione e cytioplas- 

 matis condensati metamorphosi genitis, turn microgoniis, in paucis detectis, 

 e serie cellularum divisione longitudinali et transversa succendanae multiparti- 

 tarum ortis. Per divisionem formae conservantur, multiplicantur et genera- 

 tionum series extensissimas evolvuntur; per sporas et microgonia morphae non 

 raro parentibus plus minus dissimiles, colonias mucosas per cellularum 

 generationes successivas ortas formantes, nascuntur. 



This family name with the aberrant spelling Bacteriaccen was also 

 used by Zopf (1883, p. 45). He included within it all organisms which 

 might show four developmental stages, cocci, short rods (bacteria), 

 long rods (bacilli) and filaments (Leptothrix forms). There is no differ- 

 entiation of base and tip in the rods. Typical spiral forms are lacking. 

 Two genera were recognized : Bacterium and Clostridium. In the third 

 edition of Die Spaltpilze he (1885, p. 51) changes his conception of the 

 family essentially. He now defines it to include organisms which show 

 spherical, rod or filamentous growth forms, the latter either straight or 

 bent. The coccus forms may be lacking. In the rod and filamentous 

 forms there is no contrast between base and tip. Cell division, so far 

 as is known, is in one direction of space. Spores present, lacking, or 

 unknown. Six genera are recognized; Bacterium, Spirillum, Vibrio, 

 Leuconostoc, Bacillus and Clostridium. Schroter (1886, p. 155) uses 



