GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 249 



Chatinella. A generic name proposed by Roze (1898, p. 69) for an 

 organism observed microscopically in decajdng plant tissue (straw in 

 stable manure and horse dung). The cells measured 12 to 27/x in 

 diameter, multiplying by fission. A membrane 1 to 3ju in thickness 

 enveloped the cells. One species (type by monotj^py) is Chatinella 

 scissipara. In spite of the unusual size and characteristics, Roze 

 assigns this organism to the fission fungi. Its position is doubtful. 



Chionyphe. A generic name given to a fungus closely related to 

 Mucor by Thienmann (1839). Its only interest to bacteriology is 

 through the association by Carter of a Chionyphe Carteri Berkeley 

 with madura foot as a probable etiologic factor. Castellani and 

 Chahners (1919, p. 2114) say: 



He placed some black particles, taken from a food, on cotton soil moistened 

 with animal juices and enclosed in a stoppered bottle, which he left unopened for 

 two and three-quarter years, when he found a thin reddish film had appeared. 

 Other black particles sown on rice paste for the same length of time remained 

 unchanged, but on opening the bottle a red mould speedily made its appearance. 



With reference to this mould, he says : "It had not, however, a clear connection 

 with the fungus particles, but seemed to spring up independently of them upon 

 the rice whenever this was exposed to the air." 



This statement is of importance, as he grew a fungus from the white variety 

 which was pink in colour and produced sporangia resembling those of a species 

 of the genus Mucor Micheli, 1729, but differing therefrom in the absence of a 

 columella, which should have brought it under the genus Mortierella Coemans, 

 1863; but Berkeley, who examined the growths from a botanical point of view, 

 classified it under the genus Chionyphe Thienmann, 1839, calling it Chionyphe 

 carteri Berkeley, 1862, and defining it as: "Hj'phasmate ex albo flavorubroque, 

 sporangiis demum coccineis, sporis breviter fusiformibus." 



The genus Chionyphe, however, was never recognized by mycologists generally, 

 as its species came under the genera Mortierella or Mucor, while Chionyphe carteri 

 was most undoubtedly a contamination, as its connection with the black or 

 white grains was never proved, as we have noted above with regard to the former. 



Chlamydatomus. A genus of cocci in the subtribe Sarcineae created 

 by Trevisan (1879, p. 137). The generic diagnosis is as follows: 



Cellulae globosae, divisionis tempore ovoideae, inordinate in colonias conglo- 

 batas pluristratas densissime consociatae, 1-4 tegumentis propriis gelatinosis 

 crassiusculis confiuentibus obvolutae. Coloniae tegumento communi desitutae. 



One species is Usted, Chlamyd. Beigelii Trevisan. He later (1889, 

 p. 27) included it as the fifth genus of the tribe Ascococcee. 



De Toni and Trevisan (1889, p. 1042) give the following description: 



