GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 261 



Winter (1880, p. 59) described the genus as Leptothrix-like, very 

 slender, colorless, not jointed, straight, slightly wavy or even partially 

 irregularly spiral, with false branching. He states, however, that he 

 is unable to find sufficient grounds for differentiation between Clado- 

 thrix and Streptothrix and concludes that both are doubtful genera. 

 He cites in justification for this conclusion the work of Cienkowski. 

 Grove (1884, p. 40) followed Winter in emphasizing the resemblance 

 of Cladothrix and Streptothrix. Zopf (1885, p. 51) made this the 

 only genus of the family Cladothricheen, characterized by having growth 

 forms as cocci, rods, filaments and spirals, with the filamentous stage 

 shov/ing false branching, spore formation unknown. Schroeter (1886, 

 p. 174) revised the diagnosis of the genus, including in it filaments 

 surrounded by delicate sheaths, non-motile, and dichotomously branched, 

 at first apparently not jointed, later fragmenting, and the segments 

 developing into new filaments. Hansgu-g (1888, p. 229) described a 

 new variety, Cladothrix dichotoma var leptochaetoformis. 



De Toni and Trevisan (1889, p. 927) emphasize the development of 

 arthrospores. Their generic diagnosis reads: "Filamenter basi ab 

 apice superiore distincta, vagina crassa obducta, cylindrica, aetate 

 provecta, pseudoramosa. Arthrosporae binae in singulis microbaculis 

 ellipsoideis ortae." 



Hueppe (1891) defines the genus as made up of filamentous organisms, 

 sheathed, branched, and with the filaments differentiated into base 

 and tip. Ludwig (1892) agrees with Hueppe in not stating that there 

 is "false" branching. He says that the branches are not swollen at 

 the tips, free, not embedded in slime. Sauvageau and Radais (1892, 

 p. 246) state with emphasis that the genera Streptothrix and Cladothrix 

 are very distinct. Migula (1894, p. 237) says: 



Cladothrix Cohn Zellen zu pseudodichotom verzweigten Faden verbunden. 

 Teilung nur nach einer Richtung des Raumes. Vegetative Vermehumg durch 

 polar begeisselte Schwarmzellen, die sich fest setzen und zu neuen Faden aus- 

 wachsen. Endosporenbildung bei Cladothrix dichotoma einmal beobachtet. 

 Hierzu gehoren auch die Gattungen Sphaerotilus Kiitz, und Actinomyces. 



Migula (1895, p. 40) defined the genus in somewhat greater detail 

 as filaments with delicate sheaths, attached when young, non-motile, 

 cells cylindric, breaking occasionally through the sheath by inter- 

 calary growth and forming false branches, a pseudo-dichotomy, multi- 

 plication through swarming gonidia, which have a cluster of flagella 

 attached laterally near one pole. Fischer (1897), Migula (1897, 1900) 



