GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 265 



remains which were decaying on the bottom of standing water. It 

 occm'red in the form of cherry red flecks, which under the microscope 

 showed a loose aggregate of small spherical or oval cells. According 

 to Cohn, Kiitzing (p. 341) first described this organism as Protococcus. 

 Rabenhorst (1856, p. 28) used the name Pleurococcus roseo-persicinus. 

 Cohn described the genus Clathrocystis as having spherical cells, united 

 into families with reticulate structure without regular arrangement, 

 and places it in the tribe Gloeogenae. The genus was noted by Fliigge 

 (1886). 



Winter (1880, p. 37) separated this species from the algae, creating 

 the generic name Cohnia q.v. Schroeter (1886, p. 151) called attention 

 to the fact that this name was preoccupied, and proposed Lampro- 

 cystis q.v. 



This name was accepted by Winogradsky (1888, p. 67) for a certain 

 type of blue green algae, but it should not be used for a bacterial genus. 



Clitridium. Apparently a casual name used by Billet (1890, p. 54). 

 Enlows states, 



Bacterium of average length in the form of a biscuit, "c'est-^-dire en train de 

 se segmenter." (Possibly refers to a division stage— merely states the "Clitri- 

 dium des auteurs," without any further reference.) 



Cloaca. A generic name proposed by Castellani and Chalmers 

 (1919, p. 943) for the second genus of their tribe Proteae. The generic 

 description is: "Slow gelatine liquefiers; ferment lactose; Gram nega- 

 tive." 



The type species is designated (p. 958) as Cloaca cloacae (Jordan) 

 Castellani and Chalmers. 



Clonothrix. A genus of iron bacteria described by Schorler (1904, 

 p. 691) to include the species Clonothrix fusca. The generic diagnosis 

 is : Filaments dichotomous or irregularly branched, fixed, with base and 

 tip contrasted, tapering somewhat to the free end. Sheath constantly 

 present, thin in the young filaments, later thicker, and becoming im- 

 pregnated with iron or manganese oxide. Cells cylindric. Multi- 

 pUcation by means of small non-motile spherical gonidia which arise 

 from the vegetative cells. 



The species CI. fusca produces gray to dark brown and black masses 

 similar to Crenothrix and is often in association with it. He concludes 

 that all Cladothrix descriptions of iron bacteria belong here. The 

 genus is recognized by ElHs (1909, p. 158) and by Mohsch (1910). 



