266 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



G. S. West (1904, p. 335) in his discussion of Phormidium says 

 "Clonothrix gracillima W. & G. S. West is one of the Schizomycetes 

 of the genus Cladothrix." 



Buchanan (1918, p. 305) gives the following description: 



Filaments with false dichotomous or irregular branching, attached, with con- 

 trast of base and tip, tapering to the tip. Sheath always present, thin on young: 

 filaments, later becoming thicker and encrusted with iron or manganese. Multi- 

 plication by small non-motile gonidia of spherical form, formed from the disk 

 shaped cells near tip by longitudinal division on rounding up. 



The type species is Clonothrix fusca Schorler. 



This is included as the fifth genus of the family Chlamydohade- 

 riaceae by Bergey et at. (1923, p. 393). 



Clostridiaceae. A family name proposed by Heller (1921, p. 550) 

 as a sixth family of the Euhacteriales with the following description: 



Eubacteriales that are rod-like, not spiral, that will not grow within 7 mm. of 

 the surface of a shaft of clear tissue-free agar medium contained in a tube 12 mm, 

 or more in diameter, incubated in air, in which they are able to grow in the 

 depths. They may or may not possess peritrichial flagella, they may or may 

 not form endospores. Most members of the group are characterized by their 

 energetic catalytic action on proteins or on carbohydrates or on both of these 

 types of substances. 



Two subfamilies were included, Clostridioideae and Putrificoideae. 



Clostridieae. A subfamily of bacteria proposed by Fischer (1897, 

 p. 32) to include those forms of the family Bacillaceae in which the 

 sporebearing rods are spindle-shaped. Two genera are included, 

 Paracloster A. Fischer and Clostridium Prazmowski. The same desig- 

 nation is used in the second edition of the Vorlesungen (1903). 



This subfamily designation does not seem to have been used by 

 other authors. It may be noted that as a subfamily the designation 

 should be Clostridioideae. 



Clostridioideae. A subfamily named by Heller (1921, p. 449) as 

 the first of the family Clostridiaceae. The first description follows: 

 "Clostridiaceae which on meat medium produce after twenty days 

 incubation under oil at 37° a reaction of pH 7.0 or a more acid reaction, 

 the reaction being read after the culture has been boiled." 



Later (p. 550) the type genus is designated as Rivoltillus Heller. 



A Ust of fifteen genera were described and included, with designation 

 of type species. The genera included are Clostridium, Omelianskillus, 

 Macintoshillus, Douglasillus, Henrillus, Flemmingillus, Vallorillus, 



