GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 269 



Tr6cul (1865) gave the bacteria that contain starch the name of Amylobacter. 

 He (1867) declared the Amylobacter to be heterogenetic, formed of minute particles 

 that organise themselves into bacilli in decaying plant tissue. Van Tieghem 

 (1877) named Bacillus amylobacter bacilli which contained amorphous starch dur- 

 ing their growth. He believed such organisms to be the agents of cellulose 

 destruction. Prazmowski (1880) described and figured Clostridium butyricujn, 

 which though it was in impure culture, was evidently of the type described above. 

 Winogradsky (with Fribes) (1896) first defined a type that can be considered a 

 species; he assigned no name to the organism. He declares that it does not split 

 cellulose, but pectin. It ferments glucose, sucrose, lactose and starch in pep- 

 tone media. 



Apparently the type species of the genus is Clostridium amylobacter 

 (Van Tieghem) Winogradsky unless it can be shown that the specific 

 name bufyricum antedates amylobacter. 



Bergey et al. (1923, p. 216) follows Winslow in including this genus 

 as the second in the family Bacillaceae. 



Clostrillum. A generic name proposed by Fischer (1895, p. 144) 

 to include those rod-shaped bacteria which become spindle shaped 

 when sporulating and which have a tuft of polar flageUa. No species 

 has been named, the generic designation is therefore a numen nudum 

 and invalid. It was abandoned later by Fischer himself (1897 and 

 1903). 



Clostrinium. A generic name proposed by Fischer (1895, p. 144) 

 to include those rod-shaped organisms which become spindle shaped 

 when sporulating and which are motile by means of a single polar 

 flagellum. No species were described, and the name is a nomen 

 nudum. The name apparently was later abandoned by Fischer him- 

 self (1897 and 1903). 



Clostrydium. Apparent^ a typographic error, a misprint for 

 Clostridium found in the index to the second volume of Migula's Sys- 

 tem der Bakterien (1900, p. 1081). Enlows states (1920, p. 30) that 

 this variant spelling has also been used by others in Hterature. 



Coccaceae. A family of bacteria proposed under the name Coc- 

 caceen by Zopf (1884, p. 45) with the description "Sie besitzen nur die 

 Coccen- und die durch Aneinanderreihung von Coccen enstehende 

 Fadenform." The only genus recognized in this edition was Leuco- 

 nostoc. The next year (1885, p. 50) however, he included four genera, 

 Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Merismopedia and Sarcina. The family 

 was defined to comprise only cocci and filamentous forms consisting 

 of rows of cocci, in which spore formation had not been recognized with 

 certainty, and in which cell division occurred in one or more directions 



