GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 271 



Cells in their free conditions, spherical; during division somewhat elliptical. 

 Division in one, two or three planes. If the cells remain in contact after division 

 they are frequently flattened in the plane of division. Motility rare. Endo- 

 spores absent. Metabolism complex, usually involving the utilization of amino- 

 acids or carbohydrates. 



Buchanan (1917, p. 603) emended the description as follows: 



Cells usually spherical, sometimes somewhat elongated just before division, or 

 when occurring in pairs or groups cells may be somewhat flattened on sides in 

 contact. Never containing granules of sulphur, nor with bacteriopurpurin. 

 Many species develop a pigment. Some species are motile by means of flagella. 

 Cells frequently remaining in groups after division, forming chains, regular 

 packets or irregular masses. Spore production doubtful, having been reported 

 for but one species. Pseudoplasmodium never produced. Growth energy not 

 secured by the o.xidation of ammonia or nitrites. 



Three tribes were included, Streptococceae, Micrococceae and Sidero- 

 capseae. 



Castellani and Chalmers (1919, p. 924) accept the Committee's 

 (Winslow et al.) emendation. They recognize the tribes Streptococ- 

 ceae and Micrococceae. They designate Micrococcus Hallier 1866 

 emendavit Cohn 1872 and Winslow and Rogers 1905, as the type 

 genus. 



Winslow et al. (1920, p. 205) slightly modified their original (1917) 

 definition by including "forming chains, packets or irregular masses." 



Bergey et al. (1923, p. 41) recognize Coccaceae as the second family 

 of the order Eubacteriales. 



It may be noted that objection might be raised to the fact that the 

 family Coccaceae does not include any genus Coccus. Its use, however, 

 is well estabHshed, it leads to no confusion, and there would seem to be 

 no good reason for abandoning it. 



Coccaceen. An aberrant form of spelling of the family Coccaceae. 

 This was first used by Zopf (1884, p. 45), and later by other German 

 writers. 



Coccacees. An aberrant form of spelling of Coccaceae used by 

 certain French writers, as Mace (1897, p. 334). 



Coccacel. An aberrant form of speUing the family name Coccaceae. 

 This was used by Schroeter (1886, p. 143). 



Coccobacillus. De Toni and Trevisan (1889, p. 966) state that 

 Leube (1885) used the designation Coccobacillus zymogenes. They 

 refer also to Cornil and Babes (1885). A careful study of Leube 

 (1885, pp. 540-570) fails to show any such term. He describes a 



