324 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Zur Gattung Granulohakter stellt Beijerinck alle jene obligat oder temporar 

 anaerobiotischen Garungsbakterien zusammen, welche bei vollstandige Anae- 

 robiose sich teil weise oder ganz mit Granulose anfiillen, den Clostridium form 

 annehmen. Bei Gegenwart von Sauerstoffspuren entstehen schnell bewegliche 

 Stabchen. Die in den Clostridien enthaltenen Sporen halten einige Minuten 

 95-100° aus. Unter den Giirungsproduktion finden sich immer Kohlensaure, 

 meist auch Wasserstoff. Zu dieser Gattung gehoren die Bakterien der Butyl- 

 alkolgarung (Gran, butylicum) der Buttersauregarung und die Bakterien der 

 Flachsrotte, Gran, pectinovorum und Gran, urocephalum. 



This name has been used for the most part only by Beijerinck and 

 his pupils. Lindner (1909, p. 515) defines the genus as follows: "Ob- 

 ligat oder temporar anaerobe Garungsbakterien, welche bei vollstandi- 

 ger Anaerobiose sich teilweise oder ganz mit Granulose anfiillen und 

 dann Clostridium form annehmen." 



Granulobacter may probably be regarded as a synonym of Clostridium, 

 It is rejected by Erwin F. Smith (1905, p. 174). 



Granulohakter. A variant of Granulobacter, used by certain German 

 authors as Grassberger and Schattenfroh (1899, p. 702), Stockhausen 

 (1907, p. 42). 



Grippestreptokolikus. A casual designation proposed by Seligmann 

 (1912, p. 81) for a streptococcus associated with an epidemic of "Grippe" 

 among infants. 



Gummibacillus. According to Migula (1900, p. 577) this is a casual 

 designation used by LoefRer for the organism Bacillus liodermos 

 Fliigge. It is rejected by Erwin F. Smith (1905, p. 174). 



Gjmmobacteria. A group name for the "naked" bakteria as dis- 

 tinguished from the Trichobacteria used by Messea (1891) according 

 to Kruse. 



Gjrrococcus. A generic name proposed by Glaser and Chapman 

 (1912, p. 223) for the species (type) Gyrococcus flaccidifex. Enlows 

 (1920, p. 46) summarizes the description: 



Cells in free state spherical, becoming slightly oblong just before division. 

 Division in 1 direction only. After division each half may be spherical or 

 may come to an abrupt tip, assuming a more or less heart-shaped appearance. 

 Frequently the two halves are unequal ; one-half may be spherical while the other 

 may be more or less heart-shaped, or slightly oblong. If cells remain connected 

 after fission, chains of 3 or 4 are formed. Diameter of cells 0.51 to 0.85/^. No 

 endospores. Capsule distinct. Motile — progressing in a gyrating manner,but 

 no flagella were stained. Gram negative. Very closely resembles the Pneu- 

 mococcus, except that it is Gram negative, and motile. Cause of wilt disease or 

 "flacherie" of the gypsy moth. 



