356 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



und Stabchen. Sporenbildung in Coccen." Hueppe (1886, p. 144) 

 included Leuconostoc in his ''Gattung Arthro-Kokkaceen." Schroeter 

 (1886, p. 154) likewise - emphasizes the production of spores. His 

 diagnosis is as follows: 



Vegetative Zellen kugelig, zu Ketten verbunden. Jede Kette in eine beson- 

 dere Schleimkapsel eingeschlossen und in grosserer Menge zu zahen Schleim- 

 massen verbunden. Sporen aus einer Zelle (einem Gliede der Kette) gebildet, 

 welche auschwellt und sich mit einer festen Membran umgiebt. Aus jeder Spore 

 geht bei geeigneter Ernahrung eine neuer Kette hervor. 



Maggi (1886, p. 84) recognized the genus. 



Ludwig (1886, p. XXV) named a Leuconostoc Lagerheimii from the 

 oak slime. 



Hansgirg (1888, p. 266) placed this genus in his subfamily Cysto- 

 coccaceae, and described a variety, suhterraneum of a L. Lagerheimii 

 first noted by Ludwig (1886, p. XVII). 



This genus is described by Trevisan (1889, p. 28), De Toni and Trevi- 

 san (1889, p. 1051) and by Sternberg (1892) . Ludwig (1892, p. 29) noted 

 that the genus contained organisms in which spherical cells occurred in 

 chains and embedded in slime. Lehmann and Neumann (1896, p. 102) 

 concluded that Leuconostoc is only a Streptococcus with enormously thick- 

 ened capsules. Mace (1897) used much the same description as Schroe- 

 ter. Migula (1900, p. 25) followed Lehmann and Neumann in concluding 

 that Leuconostoc is not distinct from Streptococcus, and combined the 

 two genera under the latter name. The interpretation of Migula has 

 been accepted by most subsequent authors. Barendrecht (1901, p. 

 632) described a Leuconostoc agglutinans, a lactic acid organism from 

 wort. It was later named Lactococcus agglutinins by Beijerinck 

 (1908, p. 644). The generic name is rejected by Erwin F. Smith 

 (1905, p. 174). 



Winslow and Rogers (1905, p. 669) have revived Cohn's Ascococcus, 

 accrediting it to Cienkowski and emending it to replace Leuconostoc. 

 They state: 



Van Tieghem (1878) a little later worked on the same form (Ascococcus viesen- 

 teroides Cienkowski) and substituted for Ascococcus the generic name Leuconostoc 

 in order to emphasize the resemblance between zoogloea-forming Coccus and 

 the blue green alga, Nostoc. 



It would seem, however, that Cohn's name Ascococcus was apphed 

 to an entirely distinct type of organism, and that the Winslows' sub- 

 stitution of Ascococcus is unfortunate. Their characterization of the 

 genus, however, gives the modern conception of this form: 



