376 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Die Zellen teilen sich unregelmjissig nach verschiedenen Richtungen und liegeir 

 heirauf bald einzeln, bald zu 2 oder 4, endlich und zwar vorherrschend in regel- 

 losen klumpigen Haufen. Hierher rechnen wir alle Kokken, die nicht unzweifel- 

 hatte Streptokokken oder Sarcinen sind. 



Many authors have followed the diagnoses of Migula and of Fischer. 

 Among these are Migula (1897, p. 27, 1900, p. 46 and 1904, p. 144), 

 Mace (1897, p. 335), Hewlett (1898), Chester (1897, p. 62), Baum- 

 garten (1900, p. 127), Chester (1901, p. 71), Matzuschita (1902), 

 A. J. Smith (1902, p. 268), Kendall (1902), Klocker (1903, p. 331), 

 Fischer (1903, p. 59), E. F. Smith (1905, p. 160), Jensen (1909, p. 340), 

 Ellis (1909, p. 4), Frost (1911, p. 57), Meyer (1912, p. 5), Schneider 

 (1912, p. 23) and Lohnis (1913). Migula (1900, p. 46) gives the follow- 

 ing list of synonyms: Lmvpropedia Schroter = Microhaloa Kuzt 

 exp., Cohnia Winter, Hyalococcus Schroter, Leucocystis Schroter, 

 Ascococcus (Billroth) Cohn, Monas Ehrenberg exp., Bacteridium 

 Schroter, Diplococcus Aut. exp., Staphylococcus Aut., Merismopedia., 

 exp., Merista Hueppe exp., Gonococcus Neisser. 



The Winslows (1905, p. 669) have again emended the diagnosis of the 

 genus. In its most recent form it is (1908, p. 258), 



Facultative parasites or saprophytes. Cells in plates or irregular masses 

 (never in long chains or packets). Generally decolorize by Gram. Growth in 

 agar abundant, with formation of yellow pigment. Dextrose slightly acid, lactose 

 broth generally neutral. Gelatin frequently liquefied. Nitrates may or may not 

 be reduced. 



They include as valid species. Micrococcus fiavus, M. citreus, M. 

 luteus and M. candicans It will be noted that the species M. luteus 

 previously noted as a suitable type species is included. 



Vuillemin (1913, p. 520) contends that Micrococcus should be termed 

 a form genus only, and relegated to the bacteriologists who have 

 vulgarized the term. 



Buchanan (1917, p. 613) characterized the genus as follows: 



Saprophytes or facultative parasites. Cells in plates or in irregular masses 

 (never in long chains or packets). Generally Gram-negative. Growth on agar 

 abundant, with formation usually of yellow pigment. Dextrose broth as a rule 

 slightly acid and lactose broth neutral. Gelatin frequently liquefied. 



The type species is Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter) Cohn. 



Winslow et al. (Committee Soc. Am. Bact., 1917, p. 561, 1920, p. 

 208) have used practically the same diagnosis and the same type 

 designation. 



