GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 379 



Faden auswachsen und Sporen bilden, welche durch Theilung der 

 Glieder entstehen (Arthrosporen) . 



The type species was M. comma, the organism of Asiatic cholera. 

 Other species were M. Finkleri and ill. huccalis. 



Schroter was evidently in ignorance of the previous publication a 

 year earlier of the generic name Pacinia (Trevisan 1885, p. 83) for the 

 same group, which rendered his genus name invalid. 



Attention was called to the priority of Pacinia by De Toni and 

 Trevisan (1889, p. 1018). Lehmann and Neumann (1896, p. 107) 

 rejected the name as an invalid synonym of Vibrio. 



The name Microspira was also adopted by Migula (1894, p. 237) 

 for a genus of his family Spirillaceae. He used the following descrip- 

 tion: Zellen staro mit 1, seltener 2-3 polaren, welHg gebogenen Geis- 

 seln." The comma bacillus was again the type. 



Migula says (1884, p. 237) Microspira Schroter em. Migula Zellen 

 Starr, mit 1, seltner 2-3 polaren weUig gebogenen Bewegungs organen 

 (Z. B. Microspira Komma Schroter). 



In this characterization of the genus Migula was followed by Chester 

 (1899, p. 63), Migula (1900, p. 31), (1900, p. 960), Chester(1901, p. 

 332), Kendall (1902), Smith (1902, p. 270), Migula (1904, p. 145) 

 Ellis (1909, p. 6), Frost (1911, p. 59), Meyer (1912, p. 4), Schneider 

 (1912, p. 23) and others. 



He was not followed by Fischer (1897) who used the genus name 

 Vibrio, nor by E. F. Smith (1905, p. 161) who likewise used Vibrio, 

 nor by Blanchard (1906, p. 1) and others. Vuillemin (1913, p. 521) 

 believes the generic name Microspira would be preferable to Vibrio in 

 the sense of Cohn providing the relative lengths of the cells would serve 

 to differentiate the genus from Spirillum. 



For additional discussion of priority of Pacinia, Microspira and 

 Vibrio see the latter. 



Microspironema. Stiles and Pfender proposed (1905, p. 326) 

 this generic name for the organism causing syphilis (to replace Spiro- 

 nema) in the following statement: 



The parasite which Schaudinn found in syphilitic patients was first classified 

 by him as a member of the genus Spirochaete Cohn, 1872; this name was simply an 

 emended spelling for Spirochaeta Ehrenberg 1834. 



Vuillemin (1905, June 5, pp. 1567-1568) removed Schaudinn's organism from 

 the genus Spirochaeta and proposed for it the genus Spironema, a change in classi- 

 fication which Schaudinn has accepted. The generic name Spironema is pre- 

 occupied in Zoology, having been used by Meek in 1864 for a genus of Moilusks. 

 It is accordingly not available for the protozoon of syphilis, and under article 



