382 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Monas. A genus of protozoa created by Mueller (1786, p. 1). 

 The description reads "Vermis inconspicuus, pellucidus, punctiformis." 

 As originally described this genus included 31 species of which a num- 

 ber were eventually separated as bacteria. Ehrenberg (1838) sepa- 

 rated off certain of Miiller's species to form his genus Bacterium. 

 Ehrenberg (1848) in a study of the organism producing red spots in 

 bread, etc., named the causal organism Monas 'prodigiosa. Since that 

 time this generic name Monas has rarely been used by authors for 

 bacteria. An exception is to be found in the use by Klebs (1875, p. 

 472) of the name Monas pulmonale for a coccus which he found in 

 human lungs. Monas is still recognized as a valid protozoan genus. 

 It is invalid as a bacterial designation. 



Stiles (1905, p. 30) gives an account of the type of the protozoan 

 genus, which regards as Monas mica Miiller. 



Monobacillus. A name used by Maggi (1886, p. 174) to designate 

 a growth form of Bacillus. 



Monobacteria. A name applied by Billroth (1874, p. 16) to a growth 

 form of his polymorphic Coccobacteria septica in which the organism 

 assumed a rod shape and occurred singly. It apparently has never 

 been used as a valid generic designation. It is rejected by Erwin F. 

 Smith (1905). 



Monococcos. A name applied by Billroth (1874, p. 5) to a growth 

 form of his Coccobacteria septica which consisted of isolated spherical 

 cells. It has not been used as a valid generic name. It is rejected 

 (with the spelling Monococcus) by Erwin F. Smith (1905). 



Monococcus. A variant of Monococcos Billroth listed by Smith 

 (1905). The name was used by Miguel (1891) for those cocci whose 

 cells tend to remain isolated. 



Monotricha. The first group of the Gymnobacteria named by Messea 

 according to Kruse. It includes bacteria with a single polar flagellum. 



Monovibrio. A casual name used by Maggi (1886, p. 176) to desig- 

 nate a growth form of Vibrio. 



Multifermentans. A name given by Heller (1922, p. 16) to the sixth 

 genus of the tribe Clostridioideae. The following is the description. 



Clostridioideae that do not liquefy gelatin. Produce gas and acid in meat 

 medium. Clot milk readily, without stormy fermentation. Rather small Gram- 

 positive rods with oval central or subterminal spores. Actively saccharolytic. 

 Found occasionally in wounds, not tissue invaders. 



Type species M. tenalbus (Bacillus viultifermentans-tenalbus Stoddard) as 

 described by Stoddard (1915b). This organism, of which Dr. Stoddard was so 

 kind as to send me a culture, does not fit into any other of the genera here defined. 



