GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 405 



This genus will be regarded as a synonym of Actinomyces, which 

 see for reasons. 



Nocardiaceae. A family (first) of the Microsiphonales named by 

 Castellani and Chalmers (1919, p. 1040). It is defined as "Microsi- 

 phonales with a mycehum." It contains two genera Nocardia and 

 Cohnistreptothrix. 



Nodofolium. A generic name proposed by Ellis (1907, p. 502) 

 for one of the iron bacteria. The species named is Nodofolium fer- 

 rugineum. It is defined as a flat band with regular constrictions. 

 Loops and arches developed. Reproduction is by the formation of 

 conidia on the outside of the filament, 



Molisch regards this as a synonym of Leptothrix. 



Nosema. A generic name proposed by NaegeU (1857, p. 760) for 

 the species Nosema bombycis, which was at first taken for a bacterium. 

 Later it was shown to be a protozoan. It is therefore a protozoan 

 genus. 



Novillus. The name of the fifteenth genus of the Clostridioideae 

 given by HeUer (1922, p. 22) with the following description, 



Clostridioideae that in blood broth produce H2S demonstrable by lead-acetate- 

 paper test; they liquefy gelatin. Produce gas and on continued incubation 

 produce a pink coloration in meat, but this color rapidly fades. Autoagglutinate 

 with extreme readiness. Slowly attack milk and a few carbohydrates, but do not 

 form much acid. Heavy rods of apparently shy growth habit on most media; 

 form a few oval spores that may or may not bulge the sides of the bacilli. Colonies 

 usually large and opaque, may form slender projections or even long fine woolly 

 filaments. Frequently yellowish. Typically toxic tissue invaders which fre- 

 quently cause formation of a thick gelatinous oedema that does not lose its 

 gelatinous consistency on section. May also produce gas and a black haemor- 

 rhagic condition of the muscle if rapid invasion by large numbers of bacilli takes 

 place. One strain causes considerable tissue destruction. Pathogenic for guinea- 

 pigs, mice, man, hogs, horses, cattle. 



Type species N. maligni {Bacillus oedematis-maligni II, Novy) as described 

 by Novy. 



Octopsis. A genus of bacteria proposed by Trevisan (1885, p. 

 102) to include Octopsis cholerae-galUnarum of fowl cholera, 0. equorum 

 of horse typhoid, 0, xanthogenicum of yellow fever, and 0. lyssae of 

 rabies. The name has not been used by subsequent authors and was 

 abandoned by Trevisan himself. However, a strict appHcation of 

 the rules of priority would make this a vahd name and reduce to synon- 

 ymy the later name PasteureUa. It is possible that it might be re- 

 jected as invahd upon the basis of an insufiScient description, as being 

 "universally regarded as non-vahd," 



