426 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



Bewegungsorgane (Z. B. Planococcus citreus (Menge) Mig.") The 

 generic diagnosis given later is 



Zellen einzeln oder zu 2 oder 4 genahert, oft in groszerer Zahl unregelmaszige 

 Haufen bildend. Die einzelnen freien Zellen Kugelrund; Teilung abwechselnd 

 nach 2 Richtungen des Raumes. Die Zellen sind frei beweglich. Die Bewegung 

 wird vermittelt durch 1-4, meist 1 Geiszel, die in der Regel vielmals langer ist als 

 die Zelle. 



This generic name has been used quite generally by writers on syste- 

 matic bacteriology, among others by Migula (1897, p. 46; 1900, p. 269; 

 1904, p. 144), Fischer (1897, p. 32, 1903, p. 59), Chester (1897, p. 63; 

 1901, p. 114), Kendall (1902), A. J. Smith (1902, p. 270), E. F. Smith 

 (1905, p. 160), Ellis (1909, p. 4), Frost (1911, p. 57). 



Meyer (1912, p. 5) uses Planococcus as the designation of a section 

 of Micrococcus with the description "Die begiesselten Formen." 



Vuillemin (1913, p. 525) proposes that this be made a ''genus con- 

 servandum" with the type species Planococcus europaeus (Nitrosomonas 

 europaea Winogradsky). 



The genus Planococcus is valid if this character of motility is sufficient 

 to differentiate from Micrococcus, otherwise is a synonym of the latter 

 name. The type species is Planococcus citreus (Menge) Migula. 



Planomerista. A "genus conservandum'^ proposed by Vuillemin 

 (1913, p. 525) to include those cocci which divide regularly in two 

 planes and which remain united in tetrads and are motile. It is a 

 motile Merista {q.v.). The type species cited is Planomerista ventriculi 

 {Micrococcus tetragenus mohilis ventriculi Mendoza 1889). 



The genus name is valid if the organisms of this type are worthy of 

 generic recognition, otherwise it is to be regarded as a synonym of 

 Micrococcus, or Pediococcus. 



Planosarcina. A genus of cocci, created by Migula (1894, p. 236) 

 who says: "Planosarcina nov. gen. Die Zellen teilen sich wie bei 

 Sarcina nach 3 Richtungen des Raumes, besitzen aber geisselformige 

 Bewegungsorgane (Z. B. Planosarcina agilis (Cohen) Migula, PI. 

 mohilis (Mauria) Mig.)" The cells when isolated are quite spherical 

 usually arranged in pairs and fours, and flattened somewhat on the 

 contiguous sides. Division occurs in three directions of space, the cells 

 may remain united into packets or break apart. The packets are 

 usually developed only in sugar media. Cells are actively motile by 

 means of flagella. The two species (1895, p. 19) first mentioned are 

 Planosarcina mohilis and PI. agilis. 



