456 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



He recognizes in all 39 species. With Migula's diagnosis the genus 

 has been used by Lehmann and Neumann (1896, p. 135), Chester 

 (1897, p. 62), Migula (1897, p. 27, 1900, p. 18 and 1904, p. 144), Mace 

 (1897, p. 335), Fischer (1897, p. 32), Hewlett (1898), Baumgarten 

 (1900, p. 127), Chester (1901, p. 109), Lehmann and Neumann (1901), 

 Schmidt and Weis (1902, p. 288), Kendall (1902), Matzuschita (1902), 

 A. J. Smith (1902, p. 270), Fischer (1903, p. 59), Klocker (1903, p. 

 331), E. F. Smith (1905, p. 160), Fluegge (1908), Ellis (1909, p. 4), 

 Orla-Jensen (1909, p. 340), Heim (1911, p. 249), Frost (1911, p. 57), 

 Schneider (1912, p. 22), Lohnis (1913, p. 45), and Vuillemin (1913, 

 p. 519). 



The Winslows (1905, p. 669) have proposed a somewhat radical 

 emendation of the genus. In its latest form (1908, p. 260) it reads: 



Facultative parasites or saprophytes. Division occurs under favorable con- 

 ditions in three planes, producing regular packets. Generally decolorize by 

 Gram. Growth on agar abundant, with formation of yellow pigment. Dex- 

 trose broth slightly acid, lactose broth generally neutral. Gelatin frequently 

 liquefied. Nitrates may or may not be reduced. 



They recognize three species. Sarcina lutea, S. citrea and S. flava- 

 To these Kligler (1913, p. 432) has added Sarcina aurantiaca, an orange 

 organism, emending therefore the generic description by the insertion 

 of "and orange" after "yellow." The Winslows (1. c, p. 236) in dis- 

 cussion of Sarcina ventricuU state: 



Another interesting Sarcina, possibly related to S. lutea, is the form originally 

 isolated by Goodsir in 1842 and named by him S. ventricuU. It was described as 

 a non-liquefying sarcina, isolated from the stomach in cases of hyperacidity of 

 the gastric juice. More recent investigations suggest that there is nothing spe- 

 cific in the relation of this organism to the pathological condition in question 

 (Fliigge, 1896). S. ventricuU was distinguished from the type of S. lutea by the 

 production of an orange, instead of a yellow, pigment. It corresponds therefore 

 to the non-liquefying S. aurantiaca. Whether Goodsir's form was a packet-form- 

 ing Aurococcus or an orange Sarcina can only be decided from a study of similar 

 form which the future may bring to notice. 



The writer has been unable to find the authority for terming S. 

 ventricuU orange, Falkensheim (1885), Fliigge (1886), Eisenberg (1891) 

 and Gruber (1897, p. 259) all state that this organism is yellow on 

 culture media, except that the latter states that on potato "Spater 

 orangegelb werdende Colonien." It would appear therefore that this 

 name, Sarcina ventricuU should have been given to one of their species. 



