GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 485 



Molisch (1910) states that Spirophyllum is a synonj-m of Gallionella 

 and that S. ferrugineum is a pecuhar growth form of Gallionella ferru- 

 ginea. 



It is probable that Spirophyllum is to be regarded as a synonym of 

 Didymohelix. 



It may be noted that this name was used by Schindler (1905, p. 82) 

 as the name of a subsection of the section Pentapteris of the subgenus 

 Eumyriophyllum of the genus Myriophyllum of the family Halor- 

 rhagidaceae. 



Spiroschaudinnia. Sambon (August, 1907, p. 833) used this generic 

 name for the organism which is commonly known as Spirochaeta 

 recurrentis. He says: 



Spircchaeta Ehrenberg 1843, pro parte : Sprrochaete Cohn 1875 pro parte. The 

 name Spiroschaudinnia is here proposed to designate an important group of blood 

 parasites hitherto referred to the genus Spirochaeta. 



It apparently is an invalid synomTn, as Borrelia g.v. has priority'. 



Gleitsmann (1913, p. 31) called attention to the priority of Borrelia 

 for this type. 



The genus is recognized by CasteUani and Chalmers (1919, p. 439) 

 with the following description. 



Spirochaetidae parasitic in the blood and tissues of vertebrates and in some 

 blood-sucking invertebrates. 



Remarks. This genus, as we believed would happen, is now recognized by 

 many authorities, and therefore we adopt it, though we had hesitated to do so in 

 the previous edition. 



Tj'pe species. Spiroschaudinnia recurrentis Lebert, 1874. 



Morphology. This has been most carefully studied by Fantham in S. recur- 

 rentis, S. duttoni, and 5. marchouxi, and he finds that they have long, narrow 

 bodies, bent into many spirals coils, enclosed in a firm periplast, with a very tenu- 

 ous membrane, which is often invisible. The nucleus consists of granules of 

 chromatin distributed along the body. 



Spirosoma. A generic name proposed by Migula (1894, p. 237). 

 He says: "Spirosoma nov. gen. Zellen ohne Bewegungsorgane, starr. 

 (Z. B. Spirosoma lingualis (Weibel) Mig." He included non-motile 

 spiral bacteria. Later (1905) five poorly described species are included, 

 among them the Myconostoc gregarium of Cohn. Two subgenera were 

 included, Euspirosoma and Myconostoc. Chester (1899, p. 63), Migula 

 (1900, II, p. 955), A. J. Smith (1902, p. 270), KendaU (1902), :Migula 

 (1904, p. 145), E. F. Smith (1905, p. 161), Blanchard (1906, p. 1), Ellis 

 (1909, p. 6), Frost (1911, p. 59), Meyer (1912, p. 3) and others have 

 used this name. 



