GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 493 



no sense generic, and he should not be cited as the authority, as is often 

 the case. (Migula, Winslow, Vuillemin, etc.) 



Cohn at first did not use the name Streptococcus (1875, p. 144) in 

 the designation of a genus. He states: "Was Billroth Streptococcus 

 nennt, hatte ich selbst als Torula form von Micrococcus bezeichnet." 

 Later, however, he included the genus in the tribe Nematogenae. He 

 described it as containing those organisms whose cells are disposed 

 in filaments, filaments unbranched, free, without phycochrome and 

 made up of spherical cells. However, there seems to be no record of 

 any species being assigned to it. This is essential to the vahdity of 

 a genus, hence Cohn cannot be quoted as authority for the genus. 



In 1883 (p. 27), Ogston again used the term streptococcus as a form 

 group. He states: 



Micrococcus is met with in two distinct forms, chains and groups. They are 

 often found together, yet the two are different, and the chain form does not pass 

 into the grouped form, nor the grouped into the chain form. Throughout this 

 paper the term Micrococcus is used as embracing both forms; the chain coccus is 

 often called streptococcus (Billroth), and I shall call the grouped form 

 staphylococcus. 



Here again the name is not used in a strict generic sense. 



Fehleisen (1883) studied the streptococci of erysipelas, and by 

 Zopf is given credit for the name Streptococcus erysipelatis. A careful 

 examination of the paper however shows that not once is any bino- 

 mial used. The organisms are designated as "kettenbildenden Mik- 

 rokokken," "Mikrokokkus des Erysipels" and "Erysipelkokken." 

 He did not use the designation Streptococcus. 



Apparently the first vaHd use of the generic name Streptococcus 

 was that of Rosenbach (1884, p. 22). He states: 



WoUen wir einen Coccus, welcher sich aus mehreren Einzelcoccen zu charak- 

 teristischen Reihen, Ketten, Ringeln oder rosenkranzahnlichen Figuren gruppirt 

 mit Ogston, welcher Billroth's Xomenklatur acceptirt hat, Streptococcus nennen, 

 so bezeichnet auch hier dieses Wort nur eine Gattung : denn es gibt mehrere Arten, 

 welche sich mikroskopisch in gleicher Weise zur Ketten anordnen. 



The first species named, that of wound infections, is Streptococcus 

 pyogenes, the second, a species previously described by Fehleisen, 

 Strept. erysipelatos. The genus should therefore be ascribed to Rosen- 

 bach. 



In the third edition of Die Spaltpilze, Zopf (1885, p. 51) credits the 

 genus to Billroth. He characterizes the genus as containing cocci 



