494 GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 



occurring in chains, division only in one direction of space. The two 

 species of Rosenbach are recognized. 



Fluegge (1886, p. 121) regarded the name as one for a growth form, 

 used it in a generic sense in naming some nine species. Schroeter 

 (1886, p. 149) added to the description that spores were unknown. He 

 recognized seven species. Forty-seven species of Streptococcus are 

 listed by Trevisan (1889, p. 29). De Toni and Trevisan (1889, p. 

 1054) differentiated several closely related genera from Streptococcus, 

 hsting fifty-six species in this genus. They stated that arthrospores 

 may be found in the chains. 



Since 1890 this genus has been more generally accepted by bacteriol- 

 ogists than any other with the possible exception of Micrococcus. 

 Among those who accept the genus in its original sense may be listed 

 Cornil and Babes (1890, p. 142), Baumgarten (1890, p. 127), Billet 

 (1890, p. 24), Hueppe (1891, p. 30), Sternberg (1892, p. 17), Ludwig 

 (1892), Fischer (1895, 1897, p. 32, and 1903, p. 60), Migula (1894, 

 p. 97, 236 who says: "Streptococcus (Billroth) Zopf. Die Zellen teilen 

 sich nur nach einer Richtung des Raumes, wodurch, wenn sie nach den 

 Teilung verbunden bleiben, perlschnurartige Ketten enstehen konnen. 

 Bewegungsorgane fehlens (Z. B. Streptococcus erysipelats Fehleisen, 

 Str. mesenterioides (Cienk.))" Migula (1895, 1897, p. 46, and 1900, 

 p. 15), Hewlett (1898), Chester (1897, p. 62, 1901, p. 55), Lehmann 

 and Nemnann (1896, p. 117, 1901, p. 123), Matzuschita (1902), 

 Kendall (1902), A. J. Smith (1902, p. 268), Migula (1904), E. F. Smith 

 (1905, p. 160), Fluegge (1908), EUis (1909, p. 4), Jensen (1909, p. 340), 

 Heim (1911, p. 248), Frost (1911, p. 56), Schneider (1912, p. 22), 

 Vuillemin (1913, p. 525) and Lohnis (1913). In 1905 the Winslows 

 (p. 669) emended the characterization of the genus to read as follows: 



Parasites, cells normally in short or long chains (under favorable conditions 

 sometimes in pairs and small groups — never in large groups or packets). On 

 agar streak effused translucent growth with isolated colonies. In stab culture, 

 little surface growth. Sugars fermented with formation of acid. 



Buchanan (1915, p. 7) reviewed the nomenclatural status of this 

 genus and later (1917, p. 611) included it as the first genus of the tribe 

 Streptococceae with the following description: 



Usually parasitic, though able to maintain a saprophytic existence. Cells 

 usually in chains of greater or less length, the elements of the chains sometimes 

 arranged as diplococci, never in packets. As a rule Gram-positive. Growth on 

 surface of usual laboratory media not luxuriant. Growth better in liquid media 



