GENERAL SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY 511 



Thiospirillum. A genus of red sulphur bacteria named by Wino- 

 gradsky (1888) to include the spiral sulphur bacteria. The genus is 

 apparently a S3^nonj'm of Ophidomonas Ehrenberg (q.v.). Two species, 

 Thiospirillum sanguineum and Th. jenensis are included. 



The genus is reduced to subgeneric rank under Spirillum by De Toni 

 and Trevisan (1889, p. 1012). It is recognized as valid by Migula 

 (1900, II, p. 1049), "Zellen frei, zeitlebens schwarmfahig, spiralig ge- 

 wunden" (1904, p. 146), E. F. Smith (1905, p. 164) and Frost (1911, 

 p. 62). 



Orla-Jensen (1909, p. 330) used this generic name to include color- 

 less sulphur bacteria of the type described by Omelianski (1905, p. 

 769) changing the name of the corresponding red forms (incorrectly) 

 to Rhodospirillum. 



Enlows (1920, p. 94) designates the type species as Thiospirillum 

 sanguineum (Ehrenberg) Winogradsky. 



Buchanan (1918, p. 471) gives the following description: 



Spiral motile bacteria containing sulphur granules and bacterio-purpurin. 

 The type species is Thiospirillum sanguineum (Ehrenberg) Winogradsky. 



Bergey et al. (1923, p. 402) followed Buchanan. 



Thiothece. A genus of sulphur bacteria named by Winogradsky 

 (1888, p. 82) with the species Thiothece gelatinosa. Winogradsky 

 gives the following description: 



Dieser Organismus zeigt in seinem Wachsthumsmodus eine vollkommene 

 Uebereinstimmung mit der C/iroococcoceen-Gattung Aphanothece Nageli. 

 Indessen wiire eine Vereinigung dieser neuen Gattung mit Aphanothece unstatt- 

 haft oder wenigstens verfriiht. Von dieser unterscheidet sie sich durch ihr Pig- 

 ment und den Schwefelkornergehalt, hauptsachlich aber durch die Fahigkeit der 

 Zellen, in den Schwarmzustand iiberzugehen, was bis jetzt unter alien Chro- 

 ococcaceen, soviel ich weiss, nicht bei Merismopedia beobachtet worden ist. 



De Toni and Trevisan (1889, p. 1040) recognize the genus with the 

 following diagnosis: 



Cocci globosi vel divisionis tempore globosovoidei, pauci, in muco matricali 

 sparsi, remoti, cystidibus universalibus amplissimis, crassissimis, persistentibus, 

 homogeneis, non lamellosis, gelatinososubcartilagineis, persistentibus, involuti. 

 Cystides speciales nuUae. Coccorum divisio in unam directionem. 



Migula (1900, II, p. 1046) (1904, p. 146), E. F. Smith (1905, p. 164) 

 and Frost (1911, p. 61) discuss the genus. The description given by 

 Smith follows : 



