CONTENTS 



VOLUME I 



THE EYE IN EVOLUTION 



Part I. The Effect of Light on Living Organisms 



Chapter I 

 Introduction 



The Scope of the Subject 



The Responses of Organisms to Light 



Photosynthesis 



Chapter II 



The Effect of Light on Metabolism : Photoperiodism 



MetaboHc Effects of Light . 

 Photoperiodism in Plants 

 Photoperiodism in Animals . 



(a) Metabolic Activities . 



(b) Sexual Cycle of Animals 



(c) Pigment Migration . 



(d) Bioluminescence 



(e) Time -memory of Insects and Birds 



7 

 9 

 13 

 13 

 16 

 19 

 21 

 22 



Chapter III 

 The Effect of Light on Movement 



Historical Development 

 Types of Motorial Responses 



(a) Photokinesis 



(i) Orthokinesis 

 (ii) Klinokinesis 



(b) Phototropism . 



(c) Phototaxis 



(i) 

 (ii) 

 (iii) 

 (iv) 



(V) 



(vi) 



Klinotaxis 



Tropotaxis 



Telotaxis 



Scototaxis 



Menotaxis 



Light-compass Reaction, 61 ; Navigational Sense in Birds, 

 63 ; Orientation to Polarized Light, 66 ; Orientation of 

 Insects Out-of-doors, 67 ; Orientation to a Visual Pat- 

 tern, 73 ; Dorsal (Ventral) Light Reaction, 74 



Mnemotaxis ......... 



27 

 31 

 33 

 34 

 34 

 38 

 42 

 47 

 52 

 55 

 60 

 60 



78 



