THE PERCEPTION OF COLOUR 



635 



are enraged by the flutter, not the colour of the matador's cloak and 

 equally enraged whether it be red, green, grey or white. Grzimek 

 (1952), on the other hand, from feeding experiments wherein colours 

 were matched with shades of grey, claimed that the horse possessed a 

 considerable degree of colour vision, best for green and yellow and 

 least for red. 



PRIMATES are the only order among the Mammalia in which 

 colour vision exists as a factor capable of determining behaviour, and 

 within this class this applies only to the higher diurnal species. Most 

 of the lower Primates are nocturnal, but even the diurnal lemur has 

 been shown to be either totally colour-blind, confusing all colours with 

 greys, or to possess a colour sense so meagre as to be valueless, com- 

 parable to that which may exist in some dogs [Lemur mongoz, Bierens 

 de Haan and Frima, 1930). Among the Anthropoidea, on the other 

 hand, colour vision begins to become evident. The primitive capuchins 

 (Cebus) are of particular interest since they appear to show a dichro- 

 matic colour system corresponding to a protanopic deficiency in man 

 with a lowered sensitivity to red (Watson, 1909 ; Grether, 1939). 

 The marmosets have not been studied from this point of view ; but 

 the higher Simians all show a well-developed chromatic system, both 

 the New World Platja-rhines and the Old World Catarrhines and Apes.^ 



Lemur 



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^ The spider monkey, Ateles, the baboon, Papio, the macaque, Nemestrmus, the 

 langur, Pithecus, the rhesus monkey, Macaca rhesus, the mangabey, Cercocebus, and 

 the chimpanzee, Pan (Kinnaman, 1902 ; Kohler, 1918 ; Kohts, 1918 ; Trendelenburg 

 and Schmidt, 1930 ; Kliiver, 1933 ; Brecher, 1936 ; Grether, 1939-41). 



