LUMINOUS ORGANS 



749 



McElroy and his co-workers, 1944-51 ; Johnson et al., 1945 ; and others). 

 Nor is it known how the reaction in vivo is inhibited by hght, particularly 

 short -waved light, whether by a destruction of the photogenic precursors or 

 an inhibition through the controlling nervous (or hormonal) mechanism 

 (Harvey, 1925 ; Heymans and Moore, 1925). 



The nature of the hght involved in biokiminescence varies with different species 

 and even in the same animal. In intensity it is relatively low ; in the fire-fly, Photinus, 

 for example, it is the equivalent of from 0-0025 to 0-02 candles (Coblenlz, 1912). In 

 colour it varies from blue to red, usually extending over a considerable range and 

 showing a continuous spectrum ; but ultra-violet is never present and it is " cold "' in 

 the sense that infra-red is also absent (Harvey, 1920 ; Buck, 1941). 



The large bibliography, particularly of the biochemical problems involved, will be 

 found in E. N. Harvey (1920, 1940, 1952), F. A. Brown in Prosser's Comparative 

 Animal Physiology, London, p. 660 (1950), and H. Davson's Textbook of General 

 Physiology, London, p. 600 (1951). 



Aleock. A Natural ist in Indian Seas (1902). 

 Anderson. J. cell. camp. Physiol., 3, ■!.") 



(1933) ; 8, 261 (1936). 

 Beebe. Zoologica (X.Y.). 16, 149 (1934). 

 Berry. Biol. Bull.. 38, 141 (1920). 

 Buck. Physiol. Zool.. 10, 4.5. 412 (1937). 

 Quart. Rev. Biol., 13, 3(il (1938). 

 Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci., 8, 14 (1941). 

 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 49, 397 (1947). 

 Chakravorty and Ballentine. J. Amer. cheni. 



Soc, 63, 2030 (1941). 

 Chance, Harvey, Johnson and Millikan. J. 



cell. comp.''Phijsiol., 15, 19.5 (1940). 

 Chase. J. cell. comp. Ph>/.siol., 15, 1.59 (1940); 



31, 175 (1948); 33, 113 (1949). 

 Chun. Bibl. Zool., 19, 193 (1896). 

 Coblentz. Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wa.sh., No. 



164, 3 (1912). 

 Crozier. Anat. Rec, 20, 186 (1920). 

 Dahlgi-en. J. Franklin Inst.. 180, 513, 711 

 (1915) ; 181, 109, 243, 377, 525, 658, 805 

 (1916); 183, 79, 211, 323, 593, 735 

 (1917). 

 Dubois. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 37, 559 



(1885) ; 39, 564 (1887). 

 Eyniers and van Schoiuvenbiu'g. Enzyntoloyy, 



1, 107 (1936). 

 Fabre. Ann. Sci. )iat., 4, 179 (1855). 

 Galloway and Welch. Trans. Anier. micr. Soc, 



30, 13 (1911). 

 Gates. Rec. Ind. Mus., 27, 471 (1925). 

 Greene and Greene. Anier. J. Physiol., 70, 



500 (1924). 

 Harvey. Science, 46, 241 (1917). 



The Xature of Aniinrd Light, Pliila. (1920). 

 Biol. Bull.. 4l, 28U (1921) ; 51, 89 (1926). 

 J. gen. Physiol., 4, 285 (1922) ; 7, 679 



(1925). 

 Amer. J. Physiol., 77, 548 (1926). 

 J. biol. Chem., 78, 369 (1928). 

 Zoologica (N.Y.), 12, 70 (1931). 



Harvey. Living Light, Princeton (1940). 



Bioluminescencc. X.Y. (1952). 

 Harvey and Korr. J. cell. comp. Physiol., 12, 



319 (1938). 

 Hein. T. ned. Dierk. Vereen, 12, 238 



(1913). 

 Hess, W. N. J. Morphol.. 36, 245 (1922). 

 Heymans and Moore. J. gen. Pliysiol., 6, 273 



(1924) ; 7, 345 (1925). 



Hickling. J. marine Biol. Assoc, 13, 914 



(1925) ; 14, 495 (1926). 



Hubbs. Ptibl. Car)ieyie Inst. Wash., Xo. 491, 



261 (1938). 

 Johnson. Advanc. Enzyniol., 7, 215 (1947). 

 Johnson, Eyring, Steblay, Chaplin, Huber 



and Gerhardi. J. gen. Physiol., 28, 463 



(1945). 

 Kanda. Biol. Bull., 77, 166 (1939). 

 Kluyver, v.d. Kerk, v.d. Burg, G., and v.d. 



Burg, A. Proc. kon. Akad. Wet., 45, 886 



962 (1942). 

 Komarek. Bull. int. Acad. Sci. Bohetne, 44, 



1 (1934). 

 McElroy and Ballentine. Proc. )iat. Acad. Sci., 



30," 377 (1944). 

 McElrov and Harvey. J. cell. comp. Pliysiol., 



37," 1 (1951). 

 McElroy and Strehler. Arch. Biocheni., 22, 



420 (1949). 

 Meyer. Zool. Anz., 86, 124 (1929). 

 Molisch. Leuchtende Pflanzen, Jena (1912). 

 Moore. Amer. J. Physiol., 76, 112 (1926). 



J. gen Physiol., 9, 375 (1926). 

 Okada. Bull. Soc. zool. France, 51, 478 



(1926-27). 

 Okada, Takagi and Sugino. Proc. Imp. Acad., 



Tokyo, 10, 431 (1933). 

 Parker. J. e.rp. Zool., 31, 475 (1920). 

 Polimanti. Z. Biol., 55, 505 (1911). 



