APPENDIX 



ERAS 



CENOZOIC 



(K-ati^ds' = recent 

 Iw^ = life) 



PERIODS AND SYSTEMS 



fHOLOCENE 



I (oAo? = complete ; 

 QUATERNARY i ^aivo? = recent) 

 j PLEISTOCENE 



^{TrXeiarog = most) 



PLIOCENE 



{■n-Xeiiop = more) 

 MIOCENE 

 {fji€iOJv = less) 

 OLIGOCENE . 

 (oAt'yo? = few) 

 EOCENE 

 (7701? = dawn) 



I PAL^OCENE . 



LTT-aAato? = ancient) 



TERTIARY 



MESOZOIC {ixiao^ = middle) 



DATES IN 

 MILLIONS OF 

 YEARS (Approx.) 

 at beginning of period 



1 



12 

 29 

 40 

 60 

 75 



CRETACEOUS . . .135 



[Greta = chalk) 



i 



^ JURASSIC . . . .175 



I (Jura mountains) 



I TRIASSIC . . . .210 



1^ (Threefold division in Germany) 



PALEOZOIC 



(TT-aAatd? = ancient) "* 



f PERMIAN . . . .240 



I (Permia = ancient kingdom 

 I E. of Volga) 

 Upper ^ CARBONIFEROUS . . .290 



(Coal-bearing) 



DEVONIAN . . . .320 



(Devon's marine rocks) 



r SILURIAN . . . .350 



(Silures = ancient tribe 



of Welsh borders) 



ORDOVICIAN . . . .420 



(Ordovices — ancient tribe of 



N. Wales) 



CAMBRIAN . . . .500 



(Cambria = Wales) 



Lower < 



PRE-CAMBRIAN ERAS 



rPROTEROZOIC 



] {TTpoTcpos = earlier) 

 ] ARCHEOZOIC 

 [_{dpxot.lo? = primaeval) 



