PALi^ONTOLOGICAL TABLE 



Australopithecus ; Pithecanthropus ; Homo 



Eutherian mammals become numerous and diverse. Grasses appear in Miocene. Braehiopods 

 diminish in importance ; lamellibranchs abundtint. Insects associated with flowering 

 plants radiate now. 



First appearance of : urodeles, snakes, marsupials, insectivores, modern-type flowering 

 plants. At end of period extinction of saurischian and ornithischian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, 

 plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, ammonites. 



First appearance of : plesiosaurs, ornithischian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds, anurans, flowering 

 plants. Radiation of cartilaginous and actinopterygian fishes. 



First appearance of : saurischian dinosaurs, ichthyosaurs, chelonians, crocodiles, rhj^ncho- 

 cephalians, lizards, and, at end of period, mammals. First moss. Hexacorals and 

 lamellibranchs rise to prominence in marine faunas. By end of period extinction of 

 " labyrinthodonts " and cotylosaurs. 



First appearance of : true ammonites, holostean fish. Trilobites and rugose corals extinct 

 at end of period, also acanthodians. Endopterygote insects appear at beginning of period. 



First appearance of : reptiles and conifers (upper Carb.). All arachnid groups have now 

 appeared except possibly mites. Foraminifera become abundant. 



First appearance of : placoderms. rhipidistia. dipnoi, sharks, actinopterygians, insects, 

 myriapods, and at end of period, coelacanths and amphibia. Placoderms except acantho- 

 dians, become extinct at end of period, as do the bony ostracoderms. 



First appearance of : ammonoids, scorpions and, at end of period, land-plants, 4 groups 

 agnathan fish, acanthodians. Graptoloids become extinct at end of period. 



First appearance of : corals, echinoderms (blastoids, crinoids, starfish, echinoids), lamelli- 

 branchs, ectoprocts (polyzoa), ostracods, graptolites, ostracoderms (fragmentary), 

 eurypterids. 



First appearance of : sponges (siliceous), ccelenterates (medusae), echinoderms (c^^stids and 

 some which are probably Holothurian). annelids, braehiopods (small " horny '" hingeless), 

 molluscs (gastropods, pteropods, nautiloids), arthropods (onychophora, trilobites, 

 Crustacea), graptolites. Algae present. 



(Table reproduced by permission of Miss P. Lamplugh Robinson, University College, London.) 



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