February 9, 1907 



horticulture: 



165 



one usually sees. The average weight 

 of one lot is 76.8 pounds per box and 

 the other is SO.S pounds per box, mak- 

 ing both lots very much under require- 

 ments of double thick glass. 



Referring again to the test of the 

 strength of glass, the peculiar fact 

 the strength does not depend on the 

 thickness is probably explained by dif- 

 ference in annealing. If the glass for 

 a greenhouse is to be selected from the 

 point of view of strength, then no oth- 

 er qualification is more important, and 

 ■we should have some guarantee from 

 the makers that the glass has been 

 properly annealed. The purchase of 

 properly annealed glass has not been 

 given sufficient attention, and it is 

 very likely that a great deal of the an- 

 nual breakage of glass in greenhouses 

 is due to defective annealing. Certain- 

 ly if you put some lights in your house 

 which will only stand 40 pounds, and 

 others which will stand over 100 

 pounds, you must expect the weak 

 ones to go first. As glass is now man- 

 ufactured it is perhaps impossible to 

 devote special attention to greenhouse 

 requirements. The glass people say 

 that the workmen do not like to make 

 more money on larger sizes. The 

 greenhouse trade, however, is increas- 

 ing rapidly and improvements are be- 

 ing made in the manufacture of glass 

 so that perhaps some time we will be 

 fortunate enough to have a factory 

 making glass especially adapted for 

 greenhouse work. 



SUNSHINE AVAILABLE IN 

 ENT LOCALITIES. 



DIFFER- 



In locating a greenhouse plant the 

 only thing not usually considered is 

 the amount of sunlight that is to be 

 expected. Yet there is nothing more 

 important and a guarantee of good 

 measure of sunlight would be a very 



valuable asset for a greenhouse plant. 

 Localities only one or two hundred 

 miles apart are found to have very dif- 

 ferent amounts of sunshine during the 

 winter months. For instance, before 

 locating the United States Cut Flower 

 Company's plant at Elmira it was 

 found that the sunshine to be expected 

 in that locality is about double what 

 would be expected in Buffalo. In or- 

 der to illustrate the great difference in 

 sunshine for different localities, a ta- 

 ble has been prepared, covering the 

 winter months for the past three years. 

 It is only possible to give observation 

 for points widely separated owing to 

 the extent of the territory covered, but 

 it should be kept in mind that the dif- 

 ference shown by the table as occur- 

 ring between points widely separated 

 may also occur between what might 

 be called local points, as in the case 

 of Buffalo and Elmira as already re- 

 ferred to. 



Though it is perhaps unnecessary, or 

 rather unwise, to start a discussion as 

 to the relative merits of houses built 

 detached or built on the ridge-and- 

 furrow system, still the consideration 

 of this sunshine table leads to the ob- 

 servation, that as lack of sunshine Is 

 the condition that confronts most of 

 us, it is just as well to build houses to 

 suit that condition. To meet that con- 

 dition, you must try to cover as much 

 ground surface as possible with as 

 little structural material as you can 

 get along with. Now the way to cover 

 ground with a small quantity of ma- 

 terial is to use the ridge-and-furrow 

 system, making the pitch of the roof 

 as low as possible and using as wide 

 glass as you will risk. Remembering 

 that we are meeting the condition of 

 no sunshine, it also follows that it 

 does not matter whether the houses 

 run north and south or east and west. 



Finally, provided your houses are built 

 to meet the worst conditions, that is 

 no sunshine, will they not then take 

 care of themselves under better condi- 

 tions, that is with sunshine? 



DESIGN OF GREENHOUSES FROM CON- 

 SIDERATION OF STRENGTH OF 

 MATERIALS. 



It may be interesting to describe the 

 process of designing a new type of 

 greenhouse for which practically no 

 data is furnished by previous actual 

 building experience. A design for an 

 even-span house, 150 feet wide and 

 having only five rows of supporting 

 posts, has recently been completed. 

 This house is a great departure from 

 present standards and will set a rec- 

 ord for wide houses which is not like- 

 ly to be surpassed for some time, or at 

 least until we can profit from the suc- 

 cess or failure of the gentlemen who 

 are willing to experiment on such a 

 grand scale. Beginning with the glass, 

 it is desired to lay it with the support- 

 ing bars 24 inches apart. Referring to 

 table 1 it is found that the average 

 weight required to break the glass is 

 30 pounds per square foot. This Is 

 equivalent to about one foot of wet 

 snow. The glass is hardly likely to be 

 called upon to stand more than this, so 

 the question of strength required 

 against dead weight can be con- 

 sidered settled. The frame work 

 of the house must now be made 

 strong enough to carry somewhat 

 more weight than the glass could 

 stand, so that the glass would break 

 before the framework collapsed. Con- 

 sidering the length of rafter, it is seen 

 to divide conveniently into three 

 lengths of 28 feet each on each side of 

 the ridge. As it is desired to use as 

 few posts as possible, suppose it is de- 

 cided to put in a post at every 28 feet 

 section and carry the intervening space 



SUNSHINE. 

 Winter, 1903 — ♦. Winter, 1904 — 5. Winter, 1905—6. 



Decembar. January. February. December. January. February. December. January. February. 



UNITED STATES. 





S &■ o 



Boston, Mass 168.1 59 



New York, N. Y 143.8 50 



BuCfalo, N. Y 57.6 20 



Washington, D. C 185.3 63 



Toledo, Ohio 50.5 19 



Cincinnati. Ohio 169.8 58 



Chicago. Ill 134.4 47 



St. Louis, Mo 182.8 62 



Sault Ste. Marie, Mich 32.7 12 



St. Paul, Minn 123.2 45 



Omaha, Neb 153.9 53 



Bismarck, N. Dak 120.8 45 



Che.venne, Wyo 19S.4 69 



Helena, Mont 144.5 54 



Salt Lake City, Utah 173.6 60 



Spokane, Wash 35.3 13 



Boise, Idaho 157.7 57 



Portland, Oregon 90.7 34 



San Pianclsco, Cal 183.7 62 



CANADA. 



Victoria, B. G 42.5 16 



Nanalmo, B. C 36.2 14 



Agasslz, B. C 35.4 14 



Battleford, Sack 78.1 31 



Indian Head, Sack 75.8 30 



Brandon. Man 76.9 31 



Winnipeg, Man 63.0 25 



Woodstock. Out 33.7 12 



Toronto, Out 63.5 23 



Lindsay, Ont 46.8 17 



Gravenhurst, Ont 79.5 29 



Kingston, Ont 74.1 27 



Ottawa, Ont 63.2 19 



Montreal, Que 68.9 20 



Quebec, Que 62.8 24 



Frederlcton, N. B 81.8 SO 



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