252 



GARDENING. 



Ma\ 



Miscellaneous. 



FUNGOUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL 

 PLANTS. 



Dr. B3'ron D. Halsted of Kutgcis Col 

 lege, and a high authority on this subject, 

 in a paper read at Boston on the 26th 

 ult. said in substance: Ityour jilanls are 

 already infested with fungous diseases it 

 will be a very hard matter, if possible, to 

 cure them by the use of any known fungi- 

 cides. To keep your plants clean you 

 must use preventive, not curative. means; 

 by an intelligent, free and persistant use 

 of fungicides before the fungous diseases 

 attack the plants you can keep them 

 away; but let the disease once get hold, 

 fungicides can do little more than keep it 

 in check. Dr. Halsted said one hundied 

 and sixty-five kinds of fungus diseases 

 are known to attack the rose; commonest 

 among these are the black spot (Actino- 

 nema rosw), powdery mildew (Sphwr- 

 otheca pani]osa),a downy mildew (Poro- 

 iiospora sparva), rose anthracno.se 

 {Glceosporhiw fructigemiuni) , and ros-e 

 leaf blight (Sphxrella rosigena). The 

 carnation rust ( Uromyces caryophyllinus) 

 and the old carnation disease or leaf spot 

 (Septoria dianthi) are the most trouble- 

 some to this plant. Violets are subject 

 to two leaf spots ( Cercospora viohe and 

 Phyllosticta riolx) The discoloration 

 at the ends of green leaved draca;nas is 

 caused by a fungus (Phyllosticta wacii- 

 licola). The yellow spots on palm leaves 

 are the work of an anthracnose fungus 

 [Colletotrichum kentise) The damping 

 off of seedlings is generally caused by a 

 fungus^(Pct/;yum De Baryianum). 



The preventive means are, first, to start 

 new plants from healthy stock; secondly, 

 to prevent the germs of decay from enter- 

 ing the healthy plants; and thirdly, if 

 such are present to check their growth as 

 much as possible. Germs of decay enter 

 from the soil or the air. The seed bed 

 and cutting bench should be germ free, 

 and to this end all the woodwork of 

 greenhouses should be cleaned as fre- 

 quently and thoroughly as possible. A 

 Irequent change of soil is important. But 

 after these preventive measures have been 

 carried out it will be necessary to provide 

 fungicides for occasional use in the green- 

 house, as well as in the orchard and gar- 

 den as germ destroyers. For roses the 

 mildew may be controlled by sulphur, 

 either dusted upon the foliage or heated 

 upon the greenhouse pipes. The black 

 spot has been checked by Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, and the ammoniacal solution of car- 

 bonate of copper. The formula for Bor- 

 deaux mixture is five pounds of lime and 

 five pounds of sulphate of copper in fifty 

 gallons of water; each may be prepared 

 and kept in stock, to be mixed as needed 

 for spraying. The formula for ammo- 

 niacal solution of the carbonate of copper 

 is five ounces of carbonate of copper dis- 

 solved in three quarts of strong (-l-F) 

 ammonia, to be afterward added to fifty 

 gallons of water. These two fungicides 

 are the chief compounds that can be rec- 

 ommended for fungous diseases in the 

 greenhouse. A solution of potassic sul- 

 phide (\'-i ounce of sulph'de to one gallon 

 of water) has proved a successful remedy 

 in carnation diseases. Good results have 

 followed the use of Bordeaux mixture for 

 fungi on violets and many other plants 

 would doubtless be benefited by its use. 

 Hut the work against injurious fungi 

 must be preventive instead of curative, 

 and the old adage "An ounce of preven- 

 tion is worth a poimdof cure" isnowhere 

 more ap])licable. 



K^ 



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