762 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OF AMERICA. 



There is an unlimited supply of material to be liad 

 from the Vitis family for climbing purposes that one 

 halts before naming any particular one. Vitis Coignetiae 

 can be planted with perfect freedom in anticipation of 

 excellent results. 



The list of climbers given does in no wav exhaust the 

 subject that can be utilized for climbing purposes, but it 

 forms a basis for a general collection in a garden where 

 variety is a feature. 



Seeing that the circulation of this valuable paper is so 

 widespread, it would be safe to say that when the term 

 "hardy" is employed it means hardy as far north as 

 Boston, Mass. Some of the plants mentioned are hardy 

 farther north than that, but one must have a centre to 

 work upon. 



THE SOURCES OF PLANT DISEASE. 



Plant diseases of an infectious character are caused by 

 microscopic organisms, either fungous or bacterial. 

 These organisms are present everywhere in the air, 

 water and soil, waiting for an opportunity to establish 

 themselves in the tissues of our growing plants. Only 

 constant warfare against them can prevent their entrance 

 and consequent disease. 



To successfully combat disease, it is essential to know 

 the sources of infection. This is just as true of plant 

 disease as it is of human disease, since both are caused 

 by organisms of the same class. Our cultivated plants 

 may "catch"' disease from the (1) soil; (2) from other 

 cultivated plants; (3) from weeds growing along the 

 roadsides and in our fields. 



Soil infections are the hardest to control and crop ro- 

 tation alone can accomplish it. Such diseases, as dry 

 Tot and blight of potatoes and root rots in general, are 

 caused by organisms which live in the soil and attack the 

 ■growing plant whenever conditions are right. Potato 

 diseases require from two to four years to eliminate from 

 the soil. Once a field is infected crop rotation should be 

 practiced for several years. 



Diseases coming to our plants from other cultivated 

 plants should not be tolerated, for when spraying is not 

 effective, the pruning knife and the fire are. Foliage 



and fruit diseases are usually controlled with little diffi- 

 culty by spraying. Disease caused by bacteria such as 

 the fire and twig blight of pears and apples, must be 

 pruned out and burned. Bacteria in herbaceous plants, 

 such as cabbage rot and bacterial rot of potatoes, must, 

 of course, be eliminated by crop rotation. 



One important source of disease and one which is 

 commonly overlooked is the weeds. Weeds are just as 

 subject to disease as are cultivated plants. It must be 

 borne in mind that a disease of a given plant is usually 

 capable of infecting all other plants belonging to the same 

 family as the given plant. For example, bacterial blight 

 and rot of potato is capable of infecting all other mem- 

 bers of the nightshade family, to which the potato be- 

 longs, such as the tomato, eggplant and tobacco. The 

 wilt of the cucurbits affects all of the cucumber or melon 

 family. Many cultivated plants have relatives growing 

 wild and the farmer should carefully rid his fields of all 

 weeds, especially those related to the crops he wishes to 

 grow. Wild grasses harbor ergot. Wild oats often 

 transmit smut to the oatfields. Many diseases have dif- 

 ferent stages of growth. Some of these stages may de- 

 velop on weeds, as for example the wild barberry which 

 bears one stage of the wheat rust. Wild roses "are often 

 infected with crown gall. Crown gall in orchards is often 

 traced to this source. — Market Grower. 



AVERSE TO RACE SUICIDE 



The picture in the illustration below speaks for itself. 

 It is a reproduction of a postal appearing in a European 

 horticultural ]Jublication. The paper explains that it re- 

 ceived the card from M. Camille De Clercq. secretary of 

 the .\ational Gardeners & Ornamental Horticulturists, of 

 I'oitsfort. 



M. De Clercq called attention to the following facts. 

 The federation has published for three years a black list 

 of owners who demand gardeners without children. 

 There has been a protest against this immoral e.xigency 

 in the syndicate congresses and in social circles. The 

 federation has printed these cards to ridicule the exor- 

 bitant pretensions of certain patrons. These postals are 

 sold by the National Federation of Gardeners and Hor- 

 ticulturists. 



Men vmagt hovenier geTrQuwd.zonder kindemr 



Dn dRtnan de jdrdTn ier marif:^ sam entanf^ 



A PROTEST AGAINST "GARDENER WANTED, WITHOUT CHILDREN.' 



