HARDWOOD RECORD 



wooden cogs, -nhicli are made long enough to 

 allow a driving end. The driving end is thus 

 inserted into the slot of the cylinder. 



After all the cogs are in place, truing down 

 is done on a lathe and the cogs are filed and 

 cut to form. One of the ordinary wood blanks 

 in process of marking with triangle and 

 square is shown in Fig. 3. The defining line 

 is marked C to D. 



Some of the wooden cogs are made to dove- 

 tail into the metal or the wood rim as in Fig. 

 4. This is not so reliable as the former 

 method, but answers all purposes for light 

 ■work. There is also the pin system of mak- 

 ing cogs, shown in Fig. 5. The rim of the 

 wheel is bored to receive the wooden pin as 

 shown. This style of gearing is employed 

 only in remote cases in which there are light 

 mechanical parts to operate. 



Hardwood is not in demand merely for the 

 use of wooden gearing in motor vehicles, but 

 extends to the other parts of the machine. 

 The guards for the wheels were made from 

 thin sheet metal for a number of years. The 

 weight of the metal, however, was a handi- 

 cap, and the japan wore off, leaving rusty 

 surfaces. In the event of the car getting 

 into an accident, the sheet metal edges acted 

 like knives and often caused serious injuries. 

 Hence leather guards, paper pulp guards and 

 all sorts were devised. Finally hardwood 

 guards were constructed as in Fig. 6 and fit- 

 ted with metal brackets for attachment to the 

 sides of the vehicles. They became general, 

 and are of course made from wood which 

 can be bent readily. Bending is accomplished 

 by steam devices in which the moisture is 

 forced into the fiber by pressure, followed 

 by compressing the wood to shape on wooden 

 models. 



There are parts of the automobile where 

 lightness has been secured, and at the same 

 time security, by adopting wooden nuts and 

 shafts as in Fig. 7. Usually the English 

 standard thread is cut on the nut and shaft. 

 Such threads are blocky and strong. Of 

 course small bolts and nuts cannot be made 

 like this, but where a large bolt is needed, 

 some saving in weight can be obtained by the 

 application of a lighter wooden threaded shaft 

 and nut. The threads are easily cut on a 

 turning lathe. Hardwood spokes for wheels 

 are becoming more and more common. For 

 some years only metal wheels were thought 

 to be suitable for motor cars, but when mo- 

 tors for carrying express came out the wooden 

 spoke and rim, rubber-tired wheels commenced 

 to appear, and proved to be light and strong. 

 Consequently they were applied to passenger 

 motors and touring cars of all kinds. Fig. 9 

 shows one of the spokes made in the usual 

 way. Fig. 8 shows method of laying off a 

 strip with the try-square. The defining lines 

 extend from E to F. 



A number of the small parts of modern 

 motor vehicles are fitted with wooden con- 

 trivances. Fig. 10 shows a block to which a 

 stud and pin are fastened by means of four 

 bolts. By this system the backing is of 

 wood, effecting a saving of weight over what 



it would be if the block were of iron. There 

 are also hardwood shells for the backs and 

 sides of cars, as in Fig. 11. In fact, very 



many parts of recently designed automobiles 

 are constructed of hardwood. Luggage boxes 

 are made on the plan shown in Fig. 12. 



NeWs Miscellant;. 



Monthly Meeting of the Grand Rapids Lum- 

 bermen's Association. 



Grand Rapids, Mich., has a strong commercial 

 organization known as the Grand Rapids Lum- 

 bermen's Association. It is made up of prac- 

 tically every legitimate wholesaler in that city. 

 From the fact that this furniture center is a 

 leading hardwood market the hardwood element 

 predominates lu the organization. It holds reg- 

 ular monthly meetings and brings under discus- 

 sion all features of the trade and any measures 

 that will contribute to the betterment of local 

 market conditions. 



The officers of the association for the current 

 year are L. L. Skillman of the Skillman Lumber 

 Company, president ; I. Preston Rice of the Rice 

 Veneer & Lumber Company, secretary, and N. J. 

 G. Van Keulen of the Van Keulen & Wilkinson 

 L.imber Company, treasurer. 



On the evening of April 28 the association 

 held its regular monthly meeting and served a 

 dinner at the Livingston hotel. About twenty- 

 five members were present and as guests, Theo- 

 dore Fathauer of the Theo. Fathauer Company, 

 Chicago ; Frank F. Fish, secretary of the Na- 



I.. L SKILLMAN, PRESIDENT. 



Ilnrdwood Lumber As 



spei-ti.in -x-i.ii, !.,-> - in Hi- \;niM,ial Hard- 

 wood l.iia!i..r Assn. Kill. in was tlieu entered into. 



I'lesident Skillman read a communication from 

 the Cincinnati Lumbermen's Club enclosing a 

 resolution recently adopted by that organiza- 

 tion, recommending that the National association 

 revert to its 1905 inspection system, and depre- 

 cating the enforcement of the rules adopted at 

 the last annual meeting at Atlantic City. The 

 Grand Rapids association was invited to express 

 an opinion on this matter and to join Cincinnati 

 in its protest against the enforcement of the new 

 rules. 



Secretary Fish explained in detail the slight 

 differences between the new and old rules and 

 said that the new system was a matter of joint 

 agreement between the manufacturing and job- 



bing elements of the association and that he 

 was a thorough believer in it as being manifestly 

 fair to all elements of the trade. 



The editor of the Recohd, on invitation from 



cated any agitation on inspec- 

 il stated that the present rules 

 rif the best judgment of the best 

 lb the National association and 

 that he believed due deference should accordingly 

 be paid to this opinion, to the end that uniform 

 inspection might prevail and a universal stand- 

 ard be promulgated. 



On motion a committee was appointed to 

 analyze carefully inspection results with mill 

 run northern lumber under both the old and new 

 rules, and to make a report at the next monthly 

 meeting of tbe association, when a recommenda- 



N. J. G. VAN KEULEN, TREASURER. 



tion will be made either for or against the new 

 rules, to be presented to the National association 

 at its forthcoming meeting in Milwaukee in June. 



