HARDWOOD RECORD 



Uimbeiing pays. A progressive Pennsylvania firm 

 inaniitactiuing lumber, latli and shingles out- 

 lines its policy as follows : 



*'\\'e have always pursued a conservative 

 course in lumbering, taking care of our timber 

 and striving to lieep out the fire. Any timber 

 that blows down or should be burned we gather 

 up at once and always, so far a» possible, all 

 Irees struck by lightning. We manufacture with 

 thin saws, band and gangs. We strive to do our 

 work as well as anybody can, and take pride in 

 the fact that we can fur.nlsh anything in white 

 oak, white pine or hemlock. We make all our 

 lath from slabs and edgings, about six and a 

 half million a year. The balance of the hemlock 

 slabs and edgings, after taking out the lath, we 

 load up and send to the pulpwood mill, about 

 <i,(ioO cords per year. Our shingles are made 

 from broken pieces, forks and hollow butts, about 

 six million per year. We also gather up the 

 tops and breaks and limbs of the hemlock and 

 hardwood timber left in the slashings, using all 

 but the oak, hickory and chestnut, and send tnat 

 to the pulp mills, about 5,000 cords of 160 cubic 

 feet each per year. This gathers up the refuse 

 in the forest so well that there is little fuel to 

 make a destructive forest fire. Every man in 

 our employ for the past thirty years has had 

 positive orders when he sees a smoke start on 

 our land or anyone else's to drop his work at 

 once and put the fire out ; if he hasn't help suffi- 

 cient to do it, to send to the office and we will 

 give him men enough. In this way we have 

 saved nearly all our land from devastation by 

 fire. It is coming up well in second growth, of 

 \\hich we do not cut any. The question of taxa- 

 tion Is a very serious one. Timber land has been 

 assessed and taxed so high that owners have 

 bceu comi)elled to cut it off and could not hold 

 it. Oiu- recent law permits some concession on 

 thirty acres of land only, to one owner where 

 kept (n growing timber. If taxation of growing 

 limber were lower, owners would not be com- 

 pelled to cut it so rapidly. So far we have not 

 succeeded in any legislation for the prevention 

 of forest fires that amounts to anything. If the 

 tire can be kept out and taxation reduced, with 

 judicious cutting there is no reason why Penn- 

 sylvania should not have timber sufficient for all 

 time." 



Statements like these, Mr. Kellogg declares, 

 show that practical men of the lumber industrj 

 are different from the old-timers who went into 

 the forest, slashed away to their hearts' con 

 teut, and told the world that the timber re- 

 .sources of the United States were inexhaustible. 

 Although a considerable proportion of our future 

 supply will come from national and state for- 

 ests, the great hulk of our timberland is in pri- 

 vate hands, and much of the lumber used" by the 

 next generation will come from it. While there 

 arc unquestionably short years ahead of us, we 

 can eventually produce all the timber we really 

 need if we go at it in the right fashion. This 

 I'ennsylvania firm is on the right track and 

 many other limber land owners will introduce 

 similar methods of conservation and wise utiliza- 

 tion as soon as conditions become such that they 

 can afford to do so^ 



Leading Nations Import Much Liunber. 



Few people have the slightest conception just 

 how important a part timber and unmanufac- 

 tured wood play in the trade between the world's 

 groat nations, and doubtless it is news to many 

 to learn that the lumber importations of the va- 

 rious countries amount to $285,600,000. This is 

 according to estimates for the whole world com- 

 piled by Dr. Ernest Friedrich, of the German 

 commercial high school at Leipzig. 



Notwithstanding the fact that it finds its own 

 supply dwindling, the United States furnishes 

 about twenty per cent of the lumber imported by 

 other countries : Austria-Hungary furnishes nine- 

 teen per cent, Russia sixteen per cent, Canada 

 thirteen per cent, Sweden eighteen per cent, Fin- 

 land ten per cent and Norway and Koumania a 

 small quantity. 



The countries Importing wood are Ibose on the 



highest economical plane, which were themselves 

 in earlier times densely wooded, but whose for- 

 ests have been denuded to a greater or less ex- 

 tent to make room for agriculture and other 

 industries. Only four per cent of the territory 

 of Great Britain is covered with forests, and 

 during the year 1906 that country imported lum- 

 ber to the value of $135,561,750. Germany has 

 still twenty-six per cent of its territory covered 

 by forests, but imported in 1906 lumber valued 

 at $61,285,000. Belgium and the Netherlands, 

 that have but eight per cent forest lands, Den- 

 mark that has seven per cent, France and Swit- 

 zerland, with a small percentage, are all com- 

 pelled to import lumber. 



Besides these countries, those lands lying on 

 Ihe dry western side of the sub-tropical zone, 

 lacking forests, are forced to import wood. 

 F.gypt imports wood and coal to the value of 

 about .'510,660,000 annually ; Algeria, Tunis, 

 Spaiu, Portugal — with only three per cent forest 

 land — Italy, Greece — with nine per cent forest 

 land — the eastern part of Asia, British South 

 Africa, the western part of Chile and Peru, the 

 .\rgentine Republic and Australia, all poor in 

 wood, are dependent upon imports of wood prod- 



A Universal Woodworker. 



The machine shown herewith is a most val- 

 uable tool tor any woodworking shop, as it will 

 do a variety of work that usually requires several 

 different machines, and at the same time it does 

 the work much better, quicker and cheaper. 



So great is the variety of work that can be 

 done on this machine that it is entitled to the 

 name "Universal.'' It will plane out of wind, 

 surface straight or tapering, rabbet door frames, 

 rabbet and face inside blinds, joint, bevel, gain, 

 chamfei:, plow, make glue joints, square up bed 



posts, table legs, newels, raise panels, either 

 square, bevel or ogee, stick beads, work circular 

 molding, rip, cross-cut, tenon, bore, rout, rabbet, 

 joint and bead window blinds, work edge mold- 

 ings, etc. 



The tables are of iron and each can be ad- 

 justed independently, vertically and longitudi- 

 nally In relation to each other or simultaneously 

 together to and from the path of the cutters. 



The machine is made by the J. A. Fay & Egan 

 Company. 414-434 West Front street. Cincinnati. 

 O.. who will be glad to send descriptive circulars 

 giving all details upon request. 



Americans Take Up Logging in Colombia. 



The George D. EmeiT Company, of Chelsea. 

 Mass., has been interested in lumber opera- 

 tions along the Magdalena river in the United 

 States of Colombia for a number of years, 

 .and Consul I. A. Manning now writes from 

 Cartagena that other Americans and some 

 Kuropeans have recently been examining the 

 forests in that locality with a view to tak- 

 ing up their further exploitation. Concern- 

 ing the timber and the availability of tne 

 Cartagena canal for transportation, Mr. Man- 

 ning writes: 



"I am informed that large bodies of most 

 excellent timber, carrying, in addition to 

 Spanish cedar and mahogany of the finest 

 quality, many other valuable trees of beau- 

 tiful grain, have been discovered, and a great 

 deal of the timber is of easy access to the 



Magdalena river. One of the main questions 

 is the possible delivery of this timber at the 

 seashore, as the delta proper of the Magda- 

 lena offers no facility therefor. Examination 

 has recently been made of the 'dique' by an 

 Englishman who has several options on a 

 large tract of this timber, and he declares 

 that it is possible to float or raft logs through 

 it for at least eight months of the year. 



"This dique, which draws its main water 

 .«;upply from the Magdalena river at Calamar, 

 is almost a hundred miles long and quite tor- 

 tuous for part of its distance, and is very 

 much overgrown with wild hyacinth; but re- 

 cently the Condor, a screw steamer, forced 

 its way the full length of the dique, and 

 demonstrated that the waterway is open. The 

 Englishman referred to recently came through 

 the dique and informs rae that in his opin- 

 ion logs can be easily handled therein for 

 at least half the year, and usually eight 

 months. At periods when the dique might 

 be closed to navigation. logs could be loaded 

 on the cars at Calamar or at Barranquilla. 

 and thus taken alongside ship without delay. 



"To make navigation of the dique feasible 

 for steamers the entire year would without 

 a doubt be an expensive proposition, accord- 

 ing to an American engineer who recently 

 examined it with that end in view, but it 

 would seem that to float logs through would 

 not be difficult. If proved feasible, it will 

 open up great bodies of valuable timber in 

 the interior valleys of Colombia. There is 

 said to be a fair current through the dique 

 during the six or eight months of high .water 

 when logs would float without much atten- 

 tion. At the other seasons, i. e., of low wa- 

 ter,' it is believed that they could be towed 

 through. The dique empties into a deep gulf 

 opening into the sea about seven miles south 

 of Cartagena bay. This gulf is protected and 

 and at almost any season ships could lie near 

 the mouth of the canal or dique to load logs." 



Hardwood Flooring Conditions. 



I'ciliM|>s the hardwood flooring business has 

 suffered less during the "panic" than any other 

 branch of the hardwood industry. Not a single 

 factory has been obliged to shut down indefi- 

 nitely. The July and August trade was especially 

 good with the average manufacturer engaged in 

 producing maple, beech or oak flooring. One 

 important factory making maple flooring reports 

 that today it is oversold on 2>4-inch clear more 

 than a million feet. 



■Water-Soaked Timber. 



The Forest Service is out with a circular 

 stating that various writers on the work of 

 wood seasoning have called attention to the 

 merits of lumber sawed from logs long sub- 

 merged. They do this by speaking of the 

 distinct advantages gained by soaking the 

 logs or the sawed lumber in water as a pre- 

 liminary step to the air seasoning. 



It is pointed out that in Japan logs are 

 kept in brackish ponds for several years be- 

 fore being worked up. To this treatment is 

 ascribed the peculiar freedom from warping 

 found ill woodwork from Japan, and ■ espe- 

 cially in the wood carvings which are com- 

 mon in that country. 



. The warping of woodwork is due to a 

 change in dimension caused by the wood ad- 

 justing itself to the moist condition of the 

 surrounding air. In damp air wood swells, 

 but shrinks again as the air becomes drier. 

 This property of wood cannot be overcome 

 entirely, but the search continues for meth- 

 ods of reducing it and retarding it so as to 

 lessen its damage. 



Soaking does decrease the tendency to warp, 

 but by no means overcomes it entirelj-. The 

 effect of soaking as a remedy for warping, 

 however, is less than can be reasonably ex- 

 pected from some methods of steaming. 



