September 11, 1909 



HORTICULTURE 



391 



List of Advertisers 



Page 



Advance, The Co 395 



AUenJ. K 385 



American Nursery 



(Eng.) 368 



Aschmann Godfrey.. .376 



Barrows H.H.& Son. 377 

 Bayersdorfer H .& Co. 



38a 



Heaven £. A 385 



Bobbink & Atkins. ... 368 

 Boddington A.T. 



379 

 Boston Florist Letter 



Co 381 



Boston Plate and Win- 

 dow Glass Co 395 



Bre:k Joseph & Sons 379 

 Breitmeyer s J. Sons. 380 

 Brldgeman's Seed 



Warehouse 379 



Burpee W. A. & Co .379 

 Burr C. R. & Co 368 



C«UTillo & Baldwin . 377 

 Chicago Carnation 



Co 367 



Clarke's David, Sons,i8a 



Com J. J 384 



Cowee W J 385 



Craig, Robt., Co 376 



Cnvbuck Geo.W 384 



Danlier F, A 380 



Dillon, J. L 367 



Dlngee S Conard Co.i68 



Doane, Geo. B ^94 



Domcr F. Sins & Co. 36 7 



Dow Geo. E 379 



Dreer H. A 377-395 



Dunlop John H . . . .380 

 Durand & Marohn...384 

 Djsart, R. J 379 



Eastern Nurseries. . . .368 

 Kdwards Folding Box 



Co 382 



Elliott Wm &Sons 379 



«»Ier J. G 395 



Kraest W. H 394 



Kyres 380 



Farquhar R.& J.& Co. 376 



Fol^ Mfg. Co 3Q5 



Ford Bros 3S4 



Froment H.E 384 



Frost Chai 379 



GalvinThos. F 381 



Greater N.Y. Fkiciau' 



Association 384 



Green Chas 367 



Grey T.J. Co 379 



Griffin Fredk. H 379 



Growers' Cut Flower 



Co 384 



Gude Bros. Co 380 



Guttman Alex. J 364 



Hail Asso 395 



Harris S. G 375 



tlartmann Hjahnar & 



Co 367 



Hauswirth the Florist 380 



Heacockjos. Co 376 



Herbert 376 



Herrmann Ed 376 



tlews A. H. & Co 394 



Hilfinger Bros 394 



Hlll,TheE.G.Co... 367 



Hltchings&Co 396 



Home Correspondence 



School 304 



Horan E. C 384 



Hunt A. E. & Co 367 



Hunt Bros 367 



Hunt E. H 393 



Jacobs S. & Sons 395 



faeer, Chas. J. Co.. .393 

 Jenkins, C. H 367 



iCastineW. F. Co 385 



Kentucky Tobacco 



Product Co 393 



Kessler P. F 384 



ICing Cons. Co 305 



Krick W. C 385 



Kroeschell Bros. Co. .305 

 Kuebler Wm H 384 



Lager & Hurrell 377 



Lan^ahr. Alfred H.. .384 



Leeslcy Eros 368 



Leonard Seed Co 379 



Leut)\y A. & Co 376 



Lord & Burnham Co. 396 



MacMulkin E 38a 



McCarthyN. F.&Co. 



375-385 



Page 



McConnell Alex 380 



McKeUar Charles W. 31 3 

 McKenna P. & Sons. .380 

 McKlssick.W. E. St 



Bros 382 



McManus Jas 384 



Meyer J. C &Co....3'5 



MichellH.F. Co 379 



Michigan Cut Flower 



Exchange 385 



Millang Bros 384 



M illacg Charles 384 



Millang Frank 384 



Miller E. S ,ji 



Moninger J.C 393 



Moore, Hentz & Nash 384 

 Morse C. C. & Co. . .-379 

 Murray Samuel 380 



New Eng. Nurseries. 368 

 Newman J, & Sons... 380 

 Nlessen Leo. Co 383 



Oecbslin Frank 377 



Ordonez Bros 377 



Ouwcrkerk P 368 



Palethorpc P. R. Co. . 393 



Palmer F. E 377 



Palmer W. J. & Son.. 380 



Park Floral Co 380 



Parshclsky Bros 395 



Peacock DahliaFarms 376 

 Pennock-Meehan Co. 383 

 Perkins St. Nurseries .376 

 Phila Insecticide Co. .393 



Pierce, F. O. Co 394 



Picrson, A. N., Inc. .376 



Plerson F. R. Co 377 



Plerson U Bar Co- . . . 396 



Pietcrs A.J 379 



Poehlmann Bros. Co.. 38* 



Pratt B G. Co 393 



Pulverized Manure C0393 



Quaker City Mach.Co 395 



Rayner I. M 367 



Raynor John 1 384 



Reed& Keller 384 



Read L. H 368 



Keinberg Peter 382 



Reuter S. J.&Son,Inc.367 



Rice Bros 383 



Rickards Bros 379 



Robinson H.M . & Co. 381 

 Rock Wm. L. Flo. Co. 380 

 Roehrsjulius Co. .--377 

 Roland, Thomas ... 376 

 Rolker August &SonS394 

 Rosens 385 



Sander & Son 377 



Schlcgel & Fottler C0.379 



Schmidt J. C 376 



Schulz Jacob 380 



Scott, John 377 



Sharp, Partridge & Co 395 



Sheridan W. F 384 



SigEcrs & Siggers .... 304 



Skidelsky & Irwin 367 



Smith Elmer D. & C0.367 

 Smith W. &T. Co ...368 



Smyth Wm. J 380 



Standard Plate Glass 



Co 395 



Steams A.T. Lumber 



Co 395 



Stumpp & Walter Co. 393 

 Syracuse Pottery Co . 394 



Tailby 381 



Talmadge Geo. E 393 



Thorburn J. M . & Co. 379 

 Totty Chas. H 375 



Valentine, J . A. ■ . • • 380 

 Vcsey W. J. & M. S .367 

 Vincent R. Jr. & Sons, 



367-378 



Wants, For Sale. etc.. 391 

 WardR. M.&C0....366 

 Waterer John & Sons - 368 



Welch Bros 3f2 



Whittier W. B 37=; 



Wild Gilbert H 368 



Wittbold Geo. Co 377 



Wilson 3"° 



Winterson.E. F. Co.. 382 

 Wood Bros 375 



Yokohama Nurseries. 376 



Young A. L 385 



Young John 384 



Young & Nugent 380 



Zangen O. V 379 



Zinn Julius A 38r 



Zvolanek A.C 378 



IS YOUR NAME IN THE ABOVE 

 LIST? IF NOT, WHY NOT? 



THE EFFECTS OF CROSS POL- 

 LINATION IN HORTICUL- 

 TURAL PLANTS. 



(A Paper read before the Georgia Horticul- 

 tural Society by Prof. R. J. H. DeLooch.) 



Thomas Andrew Knight (1759-1838) 

 an English Horticulturist and physi- 

 ological Botanist was the first to sliow 

 the value of cross pollination of fruits. 

 As early as 1806 he said: "New va- 

 rieties of species of fruits will gen- 

 erally be better obtained by introduc- 

 ing the farina of the variety of fruit 

 into the blossoms of another than by 

 propagating any from a single kind." 

 He holds the same place in relation 

 to improvement by crossing that Van 

 Mons holds with reference to selec- 

 tion. A. J. Downing a writer of con- 

 siderable note on fruits and fruit 

 trees, said in 1S36: "Assuming Profes- 

 sor Van Mons to be strictly correct, 

 we would suggest that a great saving 

 of time and a considerable improve- 

 ment, in quality and vigor, might be 

 gained by calling in cross-pollination 

 to the aid of the cultivator as soon 

 as the fruit of the trees (say the 

 second generation) begins to show 

 symptoms of amelioration. By im- 

 pregnating them with pollen of the 

 finest varieties we conceive that the 

 next generation would produce excel- 

 lent fruit and at a saving of twenty 

 or thirty years." 



In 1844 Hovey, famous as a plant 

 breeder said: "The results will be ob- 

 tained in a shorter period by cross 

 fertilization and, we believe, equally 

 as favorable as by the method of suc- 

 cessive generations alone." 



Knight, Hovey, Allen and Downing 

 succeeded well in establishing con- 

 fidence among horticulturists in the 

 possibilities of cross pollination, and 

 it came to be a general practice, but 

 very little fundamental knowledge 

 was added to the subject till biological 

 students of modern times began to 

 apply laboratory methods to plant 

 breeding investigations, and investi- 

 gators combined cytology with field 

 experiments. It is rather interesting 

 that the early hybridizers mixed pol- 

 len from different sources to pollinate 

 with, contending that in this way the 

 ovary would be strengthened. Vari- 

 ation in fruits and other plants as we 

 know it is comparatively a new sub- 

 ject, because new conditions and new 

 environment, better methods of culti- 

 vation, and more liberal applications 

 of fertilizers, as well as almost un- 

 limited crossing, have rendered vari- 

 ation far more conspicuous. The num- 

 ber of professional and commercial 

 plant breeders has grown to such 

 enormous proportions within the last 

 decade, especially since Mendel's laws 

 of heredity and work in hybridization 

 have been rejuvenated, and as a con- 

 sequence so many ideals set up that 

 we naturally have a great many new 

 varieties from time to time of all the 

 cultivated or artificial plants. Each 

 new creation seems to have inspired 

 breeders to make greater efforts to 

 create and name still other new fruits, 

 etc., and this eagerness to get some- 

 thing new has caused us to neglect to 

 give an account of our methods of 

 ! breeding and the history of the new 

 varieties produced. 



Technique of Crossing. 

 This phase of the subject needs 

 very little discussion in the. present 

 paper. Most horticultural plants have 



iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiniHig 

 I WANTS, FOR SALE, ETC. i 



S ilton Place, Boston. _ 



iriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiijB 



HELP WANTED 



HORTICULTURE needs a wide- 

 awake representative in every town 

 in the land. Good commission paid 

 on advertising and subscriptions. If 

 you are ambitious, write for terms. 



WANTED — Experienced grower for con- 

 merclal place near Boston; must be good 

 grower of carnations especially. Good ul- 

 ary to the right party. Address, with ref- 

 erences, Carnations, care of HORTICUL- 

 TURE, 11 Hamilton Place, Boston. 



WANTED — Plantsman with experience In 

 growing choice ■ pot plants. Wages, to 

 start. $12.00 per week. Address, with copy 

 of references, experience, etc., "Horticul- 

 turist." 11 Hamilton Place, Boston. 



W.\XTED — Good all around carnation, 

 rose and chrysanthemum grower. Address, 

 giving experience and other particulars, 

 Mc, care HORTICULTURE. 



SITUATIONS WANTED 



SITUATION WANTED as Florist by 

 young man with 10 years' practical ex- 

 perience; thoroughly capable. 25 years 

 old. Good references. Address Stephen 

 Burton, care Dr. Givens, Stamford, Conn. 



Situation wanted by Gardener, private 

 or commercial; employed now and for past 

 12 years with a leading New England 

 nursery At liberty November 1. Address, 

 James Ganley, 5 Wlcthrop Ave., Reading, 

 Mass. 



A young lady who is unable to con- 

 tinue her studies because of financial dif- 

 ficulties, wishes to obtain employment with 

 a florist. Address L. M. D., 1 Raebum 

 Terrace, Newton Highlands, Mass. 



Lady wishes situation in flower store. 

 Thoroughl.v competent and expei'ienced, 

 with good record for business management. 

 Address Maine, care HORTICULTURE. 



FOR SALE 



FOR SALE— Special 16x18 and 16x2* 

 double thick glass In "A" and "B" qnall. 

 ties. Bu.T now and save money. Writ* 

 PARSHELSKY BROTHERS, INC., W 

 Montrose Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 



BOILER FOR SALE; 3 ft. diameter, 

 11 ft. long. Good Bargain for greenhouse 

 boiler. For particulars address "Engineer," 

 11 Humphreys St., Dorchester, Boston, 

 Mass. 



perfect flowers. To cross pollinate, 

 the flowers must be emasculated be- 

 fore any of their own pollen grains 

 are ripe, in order to be sure of not 

 having self-fertilization. Authorities, 

 differ as to when pollination should 

 take place after emasculation. Some 

 say that pollination should be at the 

 time of emasculation, while others say 

 that a day or two later is better. 

 Price found a considerable advantage 

 in pollinating at the time of emas- 

 culation. To emasculate, one must 

 carefully remove the partially un- 

 folded corolla, down near the base of 

 the calyx, and trim the stamens with, 

 a small pair of scissors, it being ab- 

 solutely necessary to get every an- 

 ther from the flower in order to avoid 

 the possibility of self-pollination above 

 referred to. It pollinated at the time 

 of emasculation, the pollen should now 

 be brought from the flower to be 

 crossed and applied to the pistil of 



