THE HARDWOOD RECORD. 



2S 



iiu-nt — a matter upon which the bureau is 

 I'liw plaeiu,!; much emphasis. Oue of the 

 iiUerestin;; discoveries of the forest ex- 

 jierts is that hiyli .u-rade timber like 

 white oalv and lougleaf pine, being much 

 denser than timljers of low grade, are not 

 so readily penetrated as the latter by pre- 

 servative fluids, and that it is much more 

 econonncal to treat a low grade porous 

 wood like beech, which usually lasts only 

 about four years, than a high grade tim- 

 lier." 



WIND-TWISTED TREES. 



Everyone has at one time or another 

 oliserved the effect which wind has on 

 tree.s growing in certain sections. This 

 is especially observable along the shore, 

 where one is able to get a clear sectional 

 \'h'\y. In such circumstances trees and 

 whole forests will be seen to have been 

 twisted or leaned by prevailing winds. 



These effects are produced liy various 

 causes. Sometimes an entire forest of 

 young trees will be given an angle from 

 the perpendicular by a heavy sleet falling 

 and lodging on the branches while the 

 ground is soft, and when the sleet is fol- 

 lowed by a strong wind. 



Another cause of leaning forests is 

 found inlthe prevailing winds which blow 

 steadil.v for long periods in certain sec- 

 tions. These effects of winds on forests 

 have been given careful study , by Prof. 

 J. Fruh. a scientihc fore.ster. The manner 

 in which the characterisiies due to winds 

 show themselves, is thus classified by 

 Prof. Fruh: 



1. Trunks vertical but without branches 

 on the side facing the wind. 



2. Top of trunk inclined in the direction 

 of the dominant wind; liranches sym- 

 metric; have developed where sheltered 

 from wind. 



3. Whole tree inclined. Where growing 

 in masses these trees or shrubs are, almost 

 lying on one another. Their dimensions 

 decrease as we go toward the side of the 

 forest that is first struck by the prevailing 

 wind. > 



4. Trunks and branches may be in- 

 clined in different directions. In this case 

 the inclination of the trunk may have been 

 caused by a strong but temporary wind, 



JOHN S. BENEDICT 



WAGON STOCK 

 and HARDWOOD LUMBER 



ALWAYS IH THE MARKET. 



135 NhHALSTED ST. 



CHICAGO. 



you want cash for 

 your lumber, write 



M. ROEDER, 



l440Ro8Coe8t.. CHICAGO. 



while that of the foliage keeps the direc- 

 tion of the dominant wind. 



These deformities are especially fre- 

 <Hient in countries near the sea or in flat 

 regions. In eiiuatorial regions where vio- 

 lent cyclones often rage the influence of 

 tile dominant winds cannot always be 

 noted, for their effects are often hidden 

 by the luxuriant growth of the branches. 



.\mong the trees that are most sensitive 

 to the action of the winds the following 

 are noted b.v the author: The cherry, the 

 walnut, the black poplar, the ash, and 

 certain varieties of pine. Other pines, and 

 especially firs, are very resistant to the 

 wind and are especially recommended by 

 Prof. Frtih for reforesting regions exposed 

 to gales. 



PERSONNEL CHANGES IN BTTREAXJ 

 OF FORESTRY. 



Dr. John Gifford, formerly assistant pro- 

 fessor in the New York State College of 

 Forestry at Cornell University, will shortly 

 leave this country in order to investigate 

 the new Luquillo Forest Reserve in the 

 eastern part of the Island of Porto Rico. 

 This reserve was established only last 

 .Tanuary, and Dr. Gitlord's investigation 

 will have an important bearing on its man- 

 agement. 



Dr. Hermann vou Schrenk has been ap- 

 pointed chief of the Division of Forest 

 Products, the appointment to take effect 

 .July 1. In his new position he will have 

 ch,-irge of the work in dendro-chemistry. 

 timber tests, and wood preservation, which 

 includes the experiments in railroad work 

 for the preservation of ties, tests of bridge 

 timbers, and other wood material. He was 

 formerly with the Bureau of Plant Indus- 

 try of the Department of Agriculture. 



FOREST BUILDING AT ST, LOUIS, 



Contracts have been let for the construc- 

 tion of the Forest, Fish and Game Build- 

 ing for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 

 lo be held at St. Louis next year. An 

 elaborate system of tanks and ponds, 'with 

 aiipropriate spaces for the exhibition of 

 .ish and game and all that pertains thereto, 

 will occupy the eastern half of the in- 

 terior. The entire western half will be 

 given up to the forest display contemplated 

 by the United States government, and this 

 will be supplemented by exhibits demon- 

 strating the forest policies and operations 

 of foreign governments. The exterior of 

 I he building will be severely simple, with 

 no towering features. Its general propor- 

 tions will be pleasing and much color will 

 be employed in its decoration. 



BEAD THE RECORD. 



This ollire woiihl I)e under many obliga- 

 tions to the so-called editors of eastern lum- 

 ber journals if they would "blue-pencil" the 

 articles in their journals that another edi- 

 tor should read. It is discouraging to read 

 through a dozen of them and fail to find 

 anything worth — reproducing. — West Coast 

 and Puget Sound Lumberman. 



FOR SALE-SQUARES. 



One car 2x2 incli .x 28 and 32 inch Cherr)'. Also 

 sizes in Oak, Poplar, Asb and Walnut. 



WM. K. LITCHFIELD, 



Box 239S, Boston, Mass. 



Empire Lumber Co., 



CHICAQO. 



WiNTPn \ CHfcRRY. 04K. CYPRESS, 

 "'*""^"/ GEORGIA KINE 



Or anything: you have for sale In hardwoods. 



THE 



Crllliii(l6i LmMr Co, 



MANUFACTURERS 



Oak, Ash, 

 Cypress 

 and Gum 



MILLS: 

 GARLE, ARK. 



OFFICE : 

 336-337 Scimitar Building;. 



MEMPHIS, TENN. 



A 



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 Harbor Point Omena 

 Oden Northport 



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C. L. LOCK WOOD. Gen'l Passenger Agent, 

 Grand Rapids, Micb. 



