HARDWOOD RECORD 



39 



connection among tbe haidwood fraternity of that rity. D. M. Rose, 

 who acted as toastmaster, was made the permanent chairman of the 

 .irganization. and E. M. Vestal was chosen secretary and treasurer. 



A good number of the local lumbermen were present at the banquet, 

 and Lewis Doster, secretary of the Hardwood Manufacturers' Associa- 

 tion of the United States, who wms the guest of the meeting, was among 

 the speakers of the evening. 



The new association will ik'nI meet in the hoard of commerce rooms 

 at three o'clock. Saturday afternoon, l""eb. in. 



Two Philippine Woods 



Two Philippine woods were recently shipped to the United States to be 

 tried out for cabinet work. Forty thousand feet was lumbayo (Tarrietia 

 Juianicai, a wood reddish brown in color, heavy, moderately hard, but 

 said to be easy to work. Trees are of large size and abundant on some 

 of the southern islands. Eight thousand feet of tanguile (,shorca 

 polyspermat constituted the other shipment. This wood is also reddish 

 brown, moderately hard, and is cut from large trees. It is said that a 

 strong endeavor will be made to popularize these woods in the United 

 States. 



The Hardwoods of New South Wales 

 A talk on the hardwood timbers of New South Wales as delivered by 

 W. H. Warren, L.L.D., of the University of Sidney, before the Society of 

 Art at London was recently published in the Timlxr Trades Journal of 

 that city. The article says ; 



"Over the greater part of the vast area comprised in the Continent of 

 Australia forests are more or less distributed, which consist of trees 

 yielding slrong and durable timber. These, for the most part, are of the 

 eucalyptus species, as well as some others, and are generally known as 

 hardwoods. 



"The average height to which eucalyptus attain in New South Wales 

 is about one hundred feet, with a stem of from two feet to four feet in 

 diameter. In jungle forests they have been known to reach a height of 

 two hundred feet, and one hundred and fifty feet is not an uncommon 

 height for more than one species to attain. But these heights sink into 

 insignificance when compared with those of some allied species indigenous 

 to Victoria. Tasmania and Western Australia. The Tasmauian blue gum 

 i,Eucali/i)ti(S rilobuliis) reaches a height of three hundred feet, and the 

 late Baron von Muella states, in his official record of trees, that a karri- 

 tree (Euralyptus diversicolor) of Western Australia, and also a fallen 

 tree in the deep recesses of the Dandenong. Victoria, gave a length of 

 three hundred feet, with a stem of proportionate diameter. I have seen 

 trees in the Black Spur Range. Victoria, not far from the main road, 

 which approximate closely to three hundred feet in height. 



"The best time to cut down trees is after they have fultilled their 

 natural functions of leafing, flowering, and maturing their fruit, not when 

 they are in full vigour of growth. 



The duraliility of the timber derived from some of the trees Is best 

 realized by considering the experience of the Public Works Department in 

 New South Wales, which gives the average life of timber bridges as 

 twenty-five years, excepting tbe timber decks, which, in consequence of 

 the wear caused by the traffic, last about twelve years, 



"Until recently sufficient attention has not been given to the proper 

 time of felling, and very little has been done in the direction of seasoning, 

 so that the durability is not as great as would be possible if these matters 

 were more carefully attended to. I have seen perfectly sound timber taken 

 from old bridges, or piles in damp ground, which have been in use for 

 periods varying from forty to sixty years. The strength and durability 

 of timber depends to a great extent upon the locality in which the trees 

 are grown. Timber, for example, of the same name and presenting the 

 same general characteristics, but grown under different conditions in 

 regard to temperature, geological formation of soil, the amount and the 

 distribution of rainfall, whether grown on mountain ridges or in swampy, 

 low-lying ground, differs widely in quality. Granite country does not 

 appear to produce good limber in any part of Australia. Hardwood timber 

 grown in swampy low-lying ground is generally defeclive in tenacity of 

 fibre compared with the same timber grown at higher elevations, and 

 where the geological formation is favorable. The chief objections to the 

 use of timber in constructive work are its liability to decay from dry-rot, 

 to the attacks of the white ant. and in marine work to the attacks of 

 the teredo." 



' It is not to be inferred from the above article that it is in any way a 

 recommendation of the soundness of the claims of the eucalyptus 

 promoters in California. The condition prevailing in Australia is 

 absolutely different in every way. Australia is the natural place of 

 growth for the eucalyptus and timber referred to is not artificially grown, 

 but is the virgin stand growing in its natural environment. We are not 

 conversant with the exact physical qualities of the Australian eucalyptus 

 but it is probably true that it can be used for such rough purposes as 

 bridge timbers, poles, ties. etc. 



Biltmore Doings for December 



Dr. C. A, Schenck and the students of the Biltmore Forest School are 

 enjoying an instructive trip through the German forests. On Dee. 4 

 the school left Darmstadt for a three weeks' trip into the forests of 

 northern Bavaria, Saxonv and Prussia. One of the points visited by the 



students on this trip was the Frankenwald, located at the extreme north- 

 ern edge of Bavaria. This has been the scene of logging operations since 

 lolG. The logs were at that time ratted down the Main and Rhine 

 rivers to Holland. In the early part of the nineteenth century, the dis- 

 trict suffered from a great windfall. Immediately logging on a large 

 scale was imperative and to this end a large number of small mills were 

 brought into the district. To the present day these small mills are 

 operating along the rivers and the government supplies them with logs 

 at a price fifteen per cent below that which they would fetch in the 

 open market. At the present time the logs are driven down the numer- 

 ous small streams by the help of splash dams maintained by the govern- 

 ment. During the last twenty years but one fire has occurred Id this 

 district and it burned over but three acres. Here is shown an excellent 

 example of the close application of modern forestry. The annual cut Is 

 about equal to the annual increment, namely about seven hundred feet 

 per acre per year. The price of good stumpage is from .$17 to $30, 

 while twenty years ago it was only .$7.50 a thousand feet. 



On Dec. 9 the school arrived at the Academy of Tharandt, the "Mecca" 

 of foresters. The academy was founded in 1810 by the greatest of all 

 foresters, Heinrich von Cotta, as a private school, but was later taken 

 over by the Kingdom of Saxony. At this school can be found more In- 

 formation regarding forest finance and its practical application to the 

 forest than at any other place. During the stay at Tharandt the 

 students were privileged to attend special lectures delivered by some of 

 the most prominent men in forestry circles. During one of these lec- 

 tures, — that given by Professor Wisliceuus.- it developed that he had 

 been able to produce artificially from minerals perfect fibre having the 

 characteristics of real wood fibre. 



The students were also told of a method of surveying by the use of a 

 camera whereby, instead of reading the angles by eye with the aid of a 

 transit, the work is done with a specially constructed camera. 



One of the last trips made in the month of December was to Ebers- 

 nalde, near Berlin, where the largest and best equippi'd forest school 

 in the world is located. The students were here privileged to liear lec- 

 tures by Professor Schubert on meteorology, which explain the effects 

 of forests on rainfall, temperature and humidity. 



The school will return to the United States on tlie steamer New 

 ,\insterdam. sailing Mar. 15, 1913. 



Liverpool Concern Expands 



Gilbert Y. Tickle of Tickle, r.ell i: Co., 52.'> Royal Liver building. 

 Liverpool, announces that he has taken into co-partnership his son, 

 Krnest W. Tickle. The company will continue in bcsiness as mahogany 

 and fancy wood brokers undtr the old firm style. The company has been 

 in business for the last eleven years and is recognized as one of the fore- 

 most of the Liverpool lumber merchants. 



Bird's-Eye Veneer Company Organized in Escanaba 



The P.ird's-Eyc Veneer Company is the style of a new concern recently 

 incorporated under the laws of Michigan, and organized to do business 

 in the manufacture of veneers at North Escanaba. Mich. The company 

 started the erection of its new plant on December 23, the site being 

 near that of the National Pole Company's plant. 



The corporatiou is capitalized at $60,000 and has the following officers: 

 J. C. Kirkpatrick, president : C. T. Tuxford, vice-president ; C. C. Patter- 

 son, secretary and treasurer. The company is made up of practical lum- 

 bermen and will fpeciallze in bird's-eye inaple veneer. The business will 

 be in direct charge of Mr. Tuxford as general manager. Mr. Tuxford is a 

 veneer producer of twenty -four years' experience, who located at Escanaba 

 four years ago, having been since then in charge of the Escanaba Veneer 

 Company's plant. 



While the company will specialize in bird's-eye maple of fine quality 

 for furniture and interior finish, it will also work up birch, plain maple 

 and basswood. Mr. Tuxford has already made contracts for a supply of 

 logs for the coming season. 



The buildings being erected consist of the main structure. 100x,360 

 Icet. and the wing, 40x237 feet, which will be Uvo-storles high. The 

 boiler house will be 40x90 feet. The plant also inclticles boiling vats 

 and other necessary features. V.'ork will begin with two machines, but 

 it is expected that the equipment will be Increased rapidly. Provision 

 has been made ic the plans for large additions to the works. 



The Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Is connecterl with the mills by 

 switch, and the Escanaiia & Lake Superior Railroad is now installing a 

 switch to connect with its tracks. It is expected that ilie plant will be 

 leady for operation about the first of April. 



Lancewocds of Commerce 



■J'hc true lancewood of Soutb .Vincrica is a slender tree, found in 

 tolerable abundance in the interior of British Guiana. It grows from four 

 to six inches in diameter at the lower end, and from fifteen to twenty 

 feet high. It was originally referred by Schomburgk to Ditgetia iiuitar- 

 «HSis Liud. Robert Thomson, who was at one time superintendent of 

 the Government Botanic Gardens, Jamaiia. called It OJ-yandra liiiialtt — 

 Ouattcria oirgata Dun. This tree had been previously described, however, 

 by Bentham and Hooker, who referred it to the genus Bocagea. In French 

 Guiana the tree Is known as jejerecou, and by their botanist Is referred to 

 as Xylopia. The native name of the wood is yari-yarl. In Trinidad tbs 

 lancewood is said to be produced by liollinia sieheri Dec, and the average 



