HARDWOOD RECORD 



33 



Basswood 63.44 



I Uange 90.06 



Several hardwoods used in California have not yet appeared in 

 Eastern markets, or at most in very small quantities. 



Yucca is not, strictly speaking, a hardwood or soft wood. It is a 

 palm and is cut in veneers from logs about a foot in diameter. 



California sycamore is not the same species as the eastern. Trees 

 are smaller, but the wood is by some considered superior. 



The state grows the orange and olive wood demanded by Califor- 

 nia manufacturers of manicure, sets and novelties. 



California laurel is an evergreen, but otherwise resembles the 

 eastern sassafras in size and appearance. The furniture of the 

 Palace hotel, destroyed in the San Francisco earthquake, was of this 

 wood. 



ilanzanita (the name meaning "little apple") is a small, crooked 

 tree, with dark red wood, so brittle that when a branch is broken, 

 the pieces Ayr in various directions. 



Mountain mahogany is not a mahogany, but its dark-colored 

 wood is made into small articles. Trees are generally only a few 

 inches in diameter. 



Blue myrtle, or mountain lilac, is seldom ten Inches in diameter. 

 The wood is yellowish brown. 



The report does not make much of the California tanbark oak, 

 probabl.v for the reason that it was not found in use. It is the 

 opinion of some persons that this oak has a future for other purposes 

 than supplying tanning material. Though it checks badly in season- 

 ing, its hardness and figure qualify it for service as flooring and 

 furniture. The largest trees are from sixty to eighty feet high 

 and two or more in diameter. It is an evergreen and the form of 

 leaf suggests chestnut. It is the most important source of tanbark 

 on the Pacific coast. 



A summary of the wood-using industries of California, with the 



quantity of wood used, and the cost, is shown in the table which 

 follows: 



TABLE 2. SmiMABY of Consumptios bt Industries. 



QuanUtr UMd kojiuiUr. 



ATencr 



Boxes SDd crates 



Sasb, doors, etc 



Plaoing mill products 



Cooperage 



Miscellaneous 



Ships and boats 



Tanks 



Furniture 



Woodenware and novelties.. 



Fixtures 



Vehicles 



Caskets and coffins 



Trunks and valises 



Agricultural implements 



Patterns 



Car construction 



Frames and moulding 



Elevators _ ., 



Refrigerators, etc 



Instruments, musical 



Machine parts 



Boxes, tobacco 



Signs 



Dairymen's supplies, etc 



Sporting goods -— 



Pumps 



Artificial limbs 



Machinery, electrical 



Instruments, scientific 



Bungs and faucets 



Wood carvings 



Chairs 



Brushes — _ 



Laundry appliances 



Printing material 



Miscellaneous, given in Ibs.. 



Total 



Percent 



F. o. b. factoiT- 



309,40s,! 



UI,SI9,< 



98,488,4 



36,?17.6 



19.109.S 



18,281, 



17,209, 



7.345, 



6,>!0, 



5,078, 



3,133, 



2,598, 



2,017, 



1,075, 



690, 



517, 



480, 



434, 



252, 

 250, 

 213, 

 155, 

 130, 

 65, 

 49 

 45, 



46.8 

 19.9 

 14.9 

 5.5 



2.9 



,750 

 ,991 

 .500 

 ,000 

 ,000 

 ,800 

 ,980 

 ,270 

 ,030 

 ,407 



r,e22 



1,500 

 ),750 



661,806,478 



«i5e3 



22 78 

 31 20 

 49 12 

 11 20 

 39 84 



38 08 



34 75 

 30 02 

 66 11 

 85 74 

 22 00 

 27 08 

 36 86 

 51 97 



39 66 

 90 39 



35 06 

 30 49 

 59 35 

 43 77 



123 40 

 30 09 

 24 81 

 76 89 

 22 39 



10S63 

 78 00 

 73 04 

 53 19 

 59 77 



128 93 

 83 15 

 55 83 



153 88 



»23 74 



Grown I Grown 

 In Call- ! out of 

 fomU. iCaUforolt. 



»4 .835,280 



2,095,841 



3,073,410 



1,790,4^ 



213,9&l 



728,438 



655,150 



255,251 



196,333 



335.751 



268.667 



57,152 



54,645 



39,856 



35,873 



21.693 



43,412 



15,215 



8,268 



15.001 



10.986 



26,345 



4,664 



3,225 



5.060 



1,U9 



<.68I 



3.(M6 



2,367 



1,469 



1,285 



2,418 



1,071 



477 



1,012 



13,753 



78.1 

 73.S 

 S9.S 

 17.2 

 59.2 

 12.0 

 74.8 

 25.5 

 25.6 

 26.4 



4.6 

 66.3 

 IS.O 

 30.7 

 86.2 

 31.1 

 10.5 

 14.0 



2.2 

 63.7 

 27.3 



7.5 

 86.5 

 47.0 



0.0 



0.0 

 87.9 



0.0 

 17.6 

 11.6 

 72.1 



0.0 

 26.7 



0.0 



0.0 



21.9 

 2S.4 

 40.2 

 82.8 



25.2 

 74.5 

 74.4 

 73.6 

 ».4 

 33.7 

 82.0 

 69.3 

 13.8 

 68.9 



97.8 

 36.3 

 72.T 

 92.5 

 13.5 

 53.0 

 lOO.O 

 100.0 

 12.1 

 100,0 

 <2.4 

 88.4 

 27.9 

 100.0 

 ■73.3 

 100.0 

 100.0 



Total grown in California 438,796',073 



Total grown out of California 223,010.405 



;' C<^ma«iB:^aaim!mffi aBiWi;^ita im;;im:i^^ 



^ Preventing Insect Damage to Hickory f 



Of all American hardwoods none would be more difScult to replace 

 with a substitute than hickory. There is a greater demand for 

 hickory for distinctive uses than for any other wood, and the rapid 

 decrease in available supply is a matter of serious concern. In 1910 

 the reported cut of hickory lumber was 272,252,000 board feet. An 

 additional amount, equivalent to approximately 1.50,000,000 board 

 feet, was worked up directly into other products such as spoke billets, 

 handle blanks, rim strips, etc. This does not include wood used for 

 fuel or wasted in logging and manufacture. 



One way of lessening the drain on the hickory timber is to pre- 

 vent the waste of seasoned stock or finished material due to powder- 

 post beetles. Most insects require considerable moisture for their 

 activities, so that all that is necessary to guard against their attacks 

 is to season timber thoroughly and maintain it in that condition. 

 The powder-post beetle on the contrary prefers dry wood and the 

 damage from its ravages has been enormous. Stored supplies of 

 handles, rims, shafts and many other hardwood articles are likely 

 to suffer severely, sometimes resulting in complete loss. The extent 

 of the damage is usually concealed from view unless careful inspec- 

 tion is made. 



Only the sapwood is attacked by the powder-post beetles. The 

 larvK feed on the starch and other forms of plant food which are 

 found in the sapwood but not in the heartwood, and reduce every- 

 thing to a fine powder except a thin outer shell. Hickory, ash and 

 oak seem to be the most liable to injury. When finished material is 

 once attacked it is usuaUy worthless for the purposes for which 

 prepared, and therefore must be replaced with new material. It 

 is estimated that the average losses have been as much as ten per 

 cent on nearly all sapwood material that has been in storage more" 

 than a year. The decided preference of manufacturers for white 

 hickory (i.e. sapwood) accounts for the especial liability of hickory 

 products to attack. 



Such injury, however, can be prevented or at least greatly lessened 

 by taking proper precautionary measures. At least once a year all 

 material in the yards and storehouses should be inspected, preferably 

 during November or February. The presence of powder-post beetles 

 is indicated by fine powdery boring dust on the surface of the material 

 or on the floor beneath it. Material showing such attacks should 

 be removed at once and either destroyed or otherwise disposed of. 

 If there is any old and useless sapwood material about, it should 

 be sorted out and removed to prevent it affording favorable breeding 

 places for the insects. 



So far as possible no infested material should be allowed entrance 

 into lumber yards or store rooms. A careful inspection is necessary 

 to prevent this, but it is well worth the effort. 



It is also a good plan to classify all dry or seasoned hardwood 

 stock according to age and to kind of wood. Since material one 

 year old and over is far more liable to injury, effort should be made 

 to utilize it first. If sapwood and part sapwood stock is separated 

 from pure heartwood there will be less to inspect. In the same way 

 the species most liable to attack should be separated from the others 

 to reduce the labor of inspection. 



Damage by powder-post insects can usually be prevented by treat- 

 ing the sapwood with linseed oil or kerosene, either by immersing it 

 in the oil or by applying the oil with a brush. The application 

 should be made as soon as possible after the articles are finished 

 from uninjured stock. Slightly injured articles should be tested for 

 required strength and, if found of sufficient value for retention, 

 should be treated with kerosene oil. They should not be returned 

 immediately to the store room but kept by themselves for sufficient 

 time to determine the success of the treatment. If new dust appears, 

 a second application of oil should be made or the material destroyed. 

 These measures are not difficult to carry out and will mean a. great 



saving of valuable material. 



S. J. R. 



