42 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



Sister of Well-Known Manufacturer Becomes 

 Bride 



A wedding of exceptional interest to the 

 lumber trade by reason of the fact that the 

 sroom is an otHeer in one of the leading hard- 

 wood corporations in Baltimore, while the bride 

 is a sister of the president of the company, took 

 place on Dec. 11, when Miss Olive W. Wood 

 became the wife of James Harlow Yost, secre- 

 tary and treasurer of the E. E. Wood Lumber 

 Company of that city. K. E. Wood, president 

 of the company, and brother of the bride, gave 

 her away, and G. L. Wood and Clarence E. Wood, 

 general manager and assistant general manager 

 respectively, acted as ushers. L. y. Warren of 

 Atlanta, Ga., was best man and Key. John 

 William Smith performed the ceremony at the 

 house of R. E. Wood, 1729 Park , avenue, where 

 both of the young people have bei'n m.iking their 

 home. The bride wore a handsome gown of 

 white charmeuse, trimmed with fiandre point 

 lace, .\mong her jewels was a beautiful heart of 

 pearls, a gift of the groom. She carried a bou- 

 quet of lilies of the valley. Miss M. Agnes 

 Powers was maid of honor and little Kathleen 

 Powers served as ring-bearer. Mr. and Mrs. 

 Yost received many presents and were over- 

 whelmed with congratulations. They are spend- 

 ing the next two weeks in New York, and will 

 be at home after the holidays at 1T2II Park 

 avenue. 



Log Conditions in England 



To a person familiar with logging conditions 

 and methods in this country, conditions which 

 prevail abroad must necessarily seem somewhat 

 peculiar, to say the least. A short story on the 

 coming winter fill of timoer as published in 

 the Britisn Timber News, outlines conditions 

 which prevail among the timber buyers taking 

 up native trees in England. This article states 

 that there is generally an amount of home 

 grown timber freshly felled on the market, but 

 very little that has been stored for a couple 

 of years and is in good condition for sawing 

 into boards. A few timber merchants have a 

 supply of dry oak, ash, and elm suitable for 

 wheel making and cartwrights ; but dry home 

 grown timljer, either in the round or in planks 

 is hard to got. Even on large estates the same 

 holds good and a great majority of the home 

 timber is Converted in the green state or when 

 only a lew months felled. The article com- 

 ments that it is not to be supposed that home 

 grown timber will ever take the place of that 

 from abroad for house building and other con- 

 structive purposes, for the reason that it is of 

 inferior quality, much rougher, and rarely gotti'u 

 out in the size and scantling required. It 

 nevertheless deplores the fact that little is done 

 in the matter of seasoning logs of specific size 

 and quality for sawing into planks and boarding 

 as required. 



The significance of this article can only be 

 appreciated after one considers that the con- 

 ditions outlined are similar to those which 

 would prevail if sawmills and manufacturers of 

 lumber in this country relied entirely for their 

 log supply upon the scattered cuttings made 

 by farmers on their woodlots and by Individuals 

 owning private estates. It is an ominous fact, 

 however, that undoubtedly at one time the tree 

 growth in the section referred to in the article 

 was prolific. We should not lose sight of the 

 fact that in this country where the prodigality 

 of our timber supply has made us rather ex- 

 travagant in our utilization of it, there is a 

 possibility of the forests eventually attaining 

 the same condition as is outlined by our Brit- 

 ish contemporary. 



Fire Underwriting Alliance Bulletin 

 The December bulletin, No. 60, of the Lum- 

 bermen's Underwriting Alliance, U. S. Epperson 

 & Co., attorney and manager, Kansas City, Mo., 

 recently came from the press. The only flre 

 reported for November occurred at Graysonia, 



Avk.. where the feed warehouse of the Graysonia- 

 Nashville Lumber Company was destroyed. There 

 was an attendant loss of $3,000. This makes 

 a total loss to date of about $106,000. 



General mill cleaning, which is so difficult 

 under ordinary circumstances, can be affected 

 with the lioliday shutdown, and the bulletin 

 recommends that while the opportunity pre- 

 sents, all parts not accessible while the mill is 

 running be whitewashed, and all oil and grease 

 be scraped and scrubbed from wood surfaces 

 and the surfaces then painted. 



The general labor shortage throughout the 

 fall has resulted in the postponement of neces- 

 sary improvements until the mills close down 

 at Christmas. If the promised attention is given 

 these betterments and a thorough clean-up is 

 made, it is likely that the low loss ratio will 

 be maintained e%'en through the windy spring 

 period. 



The bulletin warns members of the Alliance 

 not to put off too long the boxing and packing 

 of hydrants, and the use of brine in the water 

 barrels to prevent freezing. 



It is pointed out that the low loss ratio for 

 1912, which is one-third less than that of last 

 year, does not mean that there have been pro- 

 portionately fewer fires. Fifty loss claims vary- 

 ing from $6 to $20,000 have been paid. The 

 distinguishing feature of this year's fires was 

 their quick control. In only six cases did the 

 damage exceed $5,000. Nearly all the fires 

 occurred while the plants were in charge of the 

 night watchmen, and in a few: cases night crews 

 were also on duty. The handling of nearly fifty 

 night fires with so small an aggregate loss at 

 plants where the constructive material is highly 

 combustible and the operation attended with con- 

 siderable inherent hazard, is the strongest pos- 

 sible proof of the value of efficient watch and 

 water service. 



nie bulletin pays a marked tribute to the 

 efficiency of night watchmen in general. Em- 

 ployers of watchmen, however, are warned not 

 to relax for a moment in a rigid adherence to 

 the rule that stations must not be skipped. No 

 work connected with the entire operation can be 

 so important as that of the watchman if a flre 

 comes, and it is not good policy to "chance it" 

 for a single night that it will not come. 



The bulletin contains mostly suggestions as to 

 efficient watch service and the main theme is 

 ' that the watchmen should be able-bodied, intelli- 

 gent and well-trained, and should be equipped 

 with every assistance to enable them to extin- 

 guish incipient fires. 



Cut and Shipments in November, 191'2 and 

 1911 



The following comparison of cut and shipments 

 by the same 50 firms in November. 1912, com- 

 pared with November. 1911, is compiled from the 

 Northern Hemlock and Hardwood Manufacturers' 



Association's records: , ,, ^ » 

 Cut, M feet Shipped, M feet 



1912. 1911. 1912. 1911. 



Hemlock 18,190 14,167 32,555 29,892 



7:sh 231 136 957 1,0,SS 



Basswood 1.907 1.276 5,563 4,972 



Birch ... 2,S7S 1,689 8,390 6,392 



Elm ■" T32 358 2,837 1,967 



MaDle" ... 4,096 3,045 6,503 3,829 



;,. i 42 29 155 179 



Mixed ■.'.■.:■.".: 250 421 2,202 2,179 



All hardwoods... 10,136 6,954 26,607 20,606 



Total .T8^26 21,121 59,162 50,498 



Increase in hemlock cut, 28 per cent. 

 Increase in hemlock shipments, 9 per cent. 

 Increase in hardwood cut, 40 per cent. 

 Increase in hardwood shipments. 29 per cent. 

 Increase in total cut, 34 per cent. 

 Increase in total shipments. 17 per cent. 



■Woods Used for Piling in Foreign Countries 

 Daily consular and trade report for Dec. 7 

 gives an interesting account of piling methods 

 and materials .abroad. Onditions arc outlined 

 and the species used are enumerated for the 

 various countries. 



In Cuba, it is shown, several woods are used. 



including various American species and mahog- 

 any. Native hardwoods are used to a limited 

 extent. W'here these hardwoods are utilized they 

 receive no preservative treatment whatever in 

 the matter of impregnating materials although 

 a method of treatment somewhat in vogue is to 

 give them a coating of concrete. 



At Martinique a native wood is used for 

 piling, called poirier. This is very hard and 

 seems immune to the attacks of marine borers. 

 It has a life in the water of from ten to twenty 

 jears. Water seems to have a preservative 

 effect on this particular timber. It is also used 

 for railway ties because of its durability. This 

 wood has the appearance of being soft and coarse 

 grained, but Is said to be nearly as hard as 

 mahogany. 



The Trinidad wood piles are used, mainly of 

 greenheart. This is a durable hardwood and in 

 being used is usually coated with four inches o* 

 concrete. In this way the piles are made to 

 last as much as fifty years. 



In Austria little wood is used and of the 

 w-ood species oak has an important position. 

 Other woods are fir, pine and larch. 



In France quite a little beech is used fen- 

 pile purposes. Along the soacoast at maritime 

 ports and all places where the piles come in 

 contact with salt water, teak or Vienna green- 

 heart is used. In all cases the species are em- 

 ployed in the green state. Beech and pine in 

 the natural state last about twenty years al- 

 though when attacked by borers they may be 

 destroyed much sooner. Teak and greenheart 

 last much longer. 



The most important species used for piling in 

 Australia arc various species of eucalyptus. 

 Seven species of this genus are used going under 

 the name of dark red iron bark, gray iron bark, 

 red iron bark, red gum, flooded gum, gray box. 

 Jarrab, and callowwood. 



Drugs and Chemicals from Forest Trees of 

 the United States 



An inspection of the "drug and chemical" page 

 of the New York Commercial shows that at least 

 twenty-five of the commodities listed on that 

 page are obtained from trees growing in the 

 I'nited States. 



Under "Essential Oils" there are found six 

 which arc obtained from various parts of dif- 

 ferent trees by distillation with steam. Birch 

 oil is obtained b.v this method from birch bark 

 and twigs ; this oil contains the same substance, 

 methyl salicylate, which gives to wintergreen 

 oil its characteristic odor and on this account is 

 often called wintergreen oil and sold as such. 

 Cedar leaf oil and cedar wood oil are obtained, 

 respectively, from the leaves and twigs and from 

 the wood of cedar trees. Both white and red 

 cedar are used indiscriminately, although the 

 oils from the two trees are quite different in 

 composition. The eucalyptus oil, on which the 

 price is quoted, is specified as Australian, but 

 some oil is produced in this country from the 

 eucalyptus trees which have been introduced so 

 successfully into California. Hemlock oil and 

 spruce oil are obtained from the pitchy leaves 

 of these trees. 



Canada balsam and Oregon balsam are ob- 

 tained from the balsam fir and the Douglas 

 spruce, respectively, hy cutting or chipping the 

 hark and collecting the sticky liquid which runs 

 out. 



Wood alcohol, acetic acid, acetone and acetate 

 of lime are produced from hardwoods directly 

 or indirectly by the process known as de- 

 structive distillation. Pyroligneous acid is the 

 name given to a crude liquor obtained during 

 the same process. Gallic and tannic acids are 

 contained in the tanning materials extracted 

 from hemlock bark and from the wood of the 

 tanbark oak. 



The barks from the following trees are listed 

 as regular commodities of the drug and chem- 

 ical trade : cherry, elm, prickly ash, sassafras, 

 white pine, witchhazel and bayberry. 



