HARDWOOD RECORD 



31 



in Canada for thirty-five years on account of the increasing 

 scarcity of clear timber of large enough dimensions for squaring. 

 White pine of this kind has been decreasing since 1S6S, but has 

 always headed the list of Canadian export square timber until 1911 

 when birch went above it in quantity but not in value." Oak is 

 third on the list and elm fourth. About two per cent of the 

 square timber exported from Canada entered the United States. 



The output of shingles decreased more than 100,000,000 from 

 1910 to 1911. The cut in the latter year was 1,838,474,000. The 

 principal falling off occurred in British Columbia and Quebec. The 

 most expensive shingles were made in Saskatchewan, $2.85 per 

 thousand, and the cheapest in Prince Edward Island, $1.25. The 

 «ut of shingles in the United States for 1910 was six and a half 

 times greater than Canada's. Ninety-five per cent of Canadian 

 shingles are of cedar, chiefly the western red cedar and the north- 

 ern white cedar or arbor-vitse. 



The output of lath was 965,235,000 for the year, at an average 

 mill value of $2.29 per thousand. Spruce lath constituted the 

 largest quantit}', followed by white pine, cedar, Douglas fir, hem- 



lock, and a dozen other woods. The United States produces about 

 four times as many lath annually as Canada. Beech makes the 

 most expensive lath in Canada at $7.50; the cheapest is Douglas 

 fir at $1.83. 



In 1911 Canada produced 13,683,770 crossties. The greatest num- 

 ber were of jack pine, followed in quantity by tamarack, Douglas 

 fir, hemlock, spruce, cedar, oak, and a dozen others. Ten million 

 ties were used in improving old tracks, and most of the others went 

 into western lines. A rather large number listed as jack pine 

 were lodgepole pine cut in the region of the Rocky Mountains. 



It is estimated in Canada that eighty-seven per cent of crossties 

 are destroyed by decay, twelve and one-half per cent by mechani- 

 cal wear, and one-half per cent by insects. About 10,000,000 ties^ 

 are annually destroyed. 



The number of poles purchased, was 585,703. That was nearly 

 200,000 less than were purchased in 1910. Their principal uses 

 were in electric power lines, for steam and electric roads, and for 

 telegraph and telephone lines. Ninety per cent of the poles were 

 cedar. The second wood in quantity was western larch. 



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Big Holdings of a Scarce Wood 



Nearly a year ago when C. L. Willey, the leading veneer and 

 fancy wood man of Chicago, made a single contract for the de- 

 livery of two carloads of black walnut veneers weekly for a long 

 period, wiseacres in the trade shook their heads. It was felt that 

 Mr. Willey had assumed a pretty large contract, in view of the 

 fact that black walnut was one of the scarcest woods in the 

 United States. 



The present total output of black walnut in this country is less 

 than forty million feet annually, of which about one-half is ex- 

 ported in log form, largely to Germany. 



Mr. Willey has not only made his deliveries during the last eight 



months of two cars of veneers weekly on this order, but has 

 taken care of a considerable quantity of miscellaneous black wal- 

 nut veneer trade as well. At the present time he has in his log 

 yards at Eobey street and Blue Island avenue approximately 

 1,250,000 feet of as good black walnut logs as has been seen in 

 years. These logs are piled on four rollways, and are pictured 

 on this page. The rollway shown in the upper left hand picture 

 is about eight hundred feet in length, and the illustration in the 

 upper right hand shows another aggregation of logs nearly as 

 long. The other two pictures show smaller dumps. 



Besides this quantity of black walnut, Mr. Willey owns upwards 



I 



FOUR RO 



LLWAYS CONT.VI.XING ONK AND A QUARTER MILLION FEPT OF BLACK WALNUT LOGS AT PLANT OF C. L. WILLEY. CHICAGO 



